CARLA 16

Air Moves into the lungs because A. the gas pressure in the lungs is less than outside pressure B. the volume of the lungs decreases with inspiration C. the thorax is muscular D. contraction of the diaphragm decreases the volume of the pleural cavity E. of all of these

A. the gas pressure in the lungs is less than outside pressure

pulmonary ventilation refers to A. the movement of air into and out of the lungs B. the movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood C. the movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the interstitial space D. the movement of dissolved gases from the interstitial space to the cells E. the utilization of oxygen

A. the movement of air into and out of the lungs

Air entering the body is filtered, warmed, and humidified by A. upper respiratory tract B. the lower respiratory tract C. the lungs D. the alveoli E. all of these

A. the upper respiratory tract

When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract A. the volume of the thoracic cavity increases B. the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases C. the volume of the lungs decreases D. the lungs collapse E. expiration occurs

A. the volume of the thoracic cavity increases

When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract, A. expiration occurs B. intrapulmonary pressure increases C. intrapleural pressure decreases D the volume of the lungs decreases E. all of these occur

C. intrapleural pressure decreases

Harry suffers from cystic fibrosis and frequently has periods where he can hardly breathe. The problem is probably the result of A. inflammation of the bronchi B. constriction of the trachea C. thick secretions that exceed the ability of the respiratory tract to remove them D. laryngospasms that occur in response to a toxic substance produced by the epithelial cells E. collapse of one or both lungs

C. thick secretions that exceed the ability of the respiratory tract to remove them

Functions of the nose include: A. filtering the air B. warming the air C. humidifying the air D. acting as a resonating chamber in speech E. all of these

E. all of these

I emphysema, the alveoli break down and coalesce into large air spaces. The lungs also lose elasticity and compliance is increased. You would expect a person who suffers from emphysema to have A. increased dead air space B. decreased vital capacity C. elevated P... in the blood D. increased anteroposterior diameter of the thorax E. all of these

E. all of these

If a student inhales as deeply as possible and then blows the air out until he cannot exhale any more, the amount of air that he expelled would be his/her A. tidal volume B. inspiratory reserve volume C. expiratory reserve volume D. minimal volume E. vital capacity

E. vital capacity

Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is A. dissolved in plasma B. bound to hemoglobin C. intoric form is solute in the plasma D. bound to the same protein as carbon dioxide

B. bound to hemoglobin

The most important chemical regulator of respiration is A. oxygen B. carbon dioxide C. bicarbonate ion D. sodium ion E. hemoglobin

B. carbon dioxide

Which of the following factors would increase the amount of oxygen discharge by hemoglobin to peripheral tissues? A. decreased temperature B. decreased pH C. increased tissue P.. D. none of these E. all of these

B. decreased pH

A 10% increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood will A. decrease the rate of breathing B. increase the rate of breathing C. decrease pulmonary ventilation D. decrease the alveolar ventilation rate E. decrease vital capacity

B. increase the rate of breathing

Air moves out of the lungs because A. the gas pressure in the lugs is less than outside pressure B. the volume of the lungs decreases with expiration C. contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the pleural cavity D. the gas pressure in the lungs is less than outside pressure and contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the pleural cavity only E. of all of these

B. the volume of the lungs decreases with expiration

Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as A. solute dissolved in the plasma B. carbaminohemoglobin C. bicarbonate ions D. solute dissolved in the cytoplasm of red blood cells E. carbonic acid

C. bicarbonic ions

In quiet breathing, A. inspiration and expiration involve muscular contractions B. inspiration is passive and expiration involves muscular contractions C. inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive D. inspiration and expiration are both passive processes E. none of these occur

C. inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive

Expiratory movements are produced by construction of the A. scalenes B. diaphragm C. internal intercostals D. external intercostals E. serratus anterior

C. internal intercostals

Damage to the surfactant cells of the lungs would result in A. a thickening of the respiratory membrane B. an increased rate of gas exchange C. alveolar rupture D. alveolar collapse E. decreased surface tension in the water lining the alveoli

D. alveolar collapse

The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are: A. bronchioles B. alveolar ducts C. pleural spaces D. alveoli E. terminal sacs

D. alveoli

Surfactant A. protects the surface of the lungs B. phagocytizes small particulates C. replaces mucus in the alveoli D. helps prevent the alveoli from collapsing E. is not found in healthy lung tissue

D. helps prevent the alveoli from collapsing