Cartilage learn smart anatomy 1

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering an epiphysis of a long bone is called ______.

Articulate cartilage

Which statements characterize the effects of exercise on bones? Exercise promotes bone remodeling. Lack of mechanical stress strengthens bone. Exercise increases the production of the hormone calcitonin. Regular weight-bearing exercise can increase total bone mass.

Exercise promotes bone remodeling. Exercise increases the production of the hormone calcitonin. Regular weight-bearing exercise can increase total bone mass.

True or False: Typically bones of athletes become noticeably thinner as a result of repetitive and stressful exercise.

False

Which statements describe the inorganic components of the matrix of bone? It provides flexibility to the bone. It includes collagen fibers. It gives the bone its hardness. It contains hydroxyapatite crystals.

It gives the bone its hardness. It contains hydroxyapatite crystals.

Which blood vessel supplies the diaphysis of a long bone?

Nutrient artery

About one-third of bone mass is composed of ______.

Organic components

In bone fracture repair, a fibrocartilaginous callus is replaced with a ______.

bony callus

The bones of the upper and lower limbs are produced through _________ ossification.

endochondral

Which statements characterize the periosteum? It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue. It is directly beneath articular cartilage. It functions to anchor blood vessels to the surface of bones. It helps to heal bone fractures. It covers the outer surface of the diaphysis of a long bone.

t is composed of dense irregular connective tissue. It functions to anchor blood vessels to the surface of bones. It helps to heal bone fractures. It covers the outer surface of the diaphysis of a long bone.

The cylindrical space within the diaphysis of a long bone is called the ______.

the medullary cavity

Which statement(s) characterize osteoclasts?

-they are phagocytic -they secrete hydrochloric acid -they reabsorb bone matrix -they have ruffled borders

Place the zones of an epiphyseal plate in their correct order. Start with the zone closest to the epiphysis.

1. Zone of resting cartilage 2. zone of proliferating cartilage 3. zone of hypertrophic cartilage 4. zone of calcified cartilage 5. zone of ossification

Which hormone promotes calcium deposition in bone and inhibits osteoclast activity?

Calcitonin

The _________ substance is the semisolid material that suspends and supports the collagen fibers; it is part of the organic materials in the matrix of bone.

Ground

When osteoblast activity out paces osteoclast activity, bone mass ______.

Increases

Which statements characterize the effect of Vitamin D? It promotes collagen production. It aids in the calcification of bone. It promotes absorption of phosphate and calcium into the blood. It stimulates the liver to produce hormones. It stimulates osteoblast activity.

It aids in the calcification of bone. It promotes absorption of phosphate and calcium into the blood.

Which statements describe the inorganic components of the matrix of bone? It provides flexibility to the bone. It gives the bone its hardness. It contains hydroxyapatite crystals. It includes collagen fibers.

It contains hydroxyapatite crystals. It gives the bone its hardness.

Which statements characterize the microscopic arrangement of spongy bone? It contains concentric lamellae. It contains parallel lamellae. It contains lacunae and canaliculi. It contains many osteons. It contains no osteons.

It contains parallel lamellae. It contains lacunae and canaliculi. It contains no osteons.

Which statements describe the matrix of bone? It is composed of inorganic substances only. It is composed of organic and inorganic substances. It is harder than the matrix of cartilage. It is composed of organic substances only.

It is composed of organic and inorganic substances. It is harder than the matrix of cartilage.

Which statements describe the matrix of bone? It is composed of organic and inorganic substances. It is harder than the matrix of cartilage. It is composed of organic substances only. It is composed of inorganic substances only.

It is composed of organic and inorganic substances. It is harder than the matrix of cartilage.

Which statements correctly describe compact bone? In flat bones, it is called diploe. It is solid and relatively dense. It contains trabeculae. It forms the external walls of a long bone. It is porous.

It is solid and relatively dense. It forms the external walls of a long bone.

Which statements characterize cartilage? It is the site of blood cell formation. It provides a gliding surface at joints. It secretes hormones related to bone formation. It supports soft tissues It provides a model for the formation of bones.`

It provides a gliding surface at joints. It supports soft tissues It provides a model for the formation of bones.

Which statements describe an osteon? It runs parallel to the diaphysis of a long bone. It runs perpendicular to the diaphysis of a long bone. It contains a central canal. It is also called a Haversian system. It is microscopic.

It runs parallel to the diaphysis of a long bone. It contains a central canal. It is also called a Haversian system. It is microscopic.

Which is a function of cartilage?

It supports the auricle of the ear.

The metaphysis of mature bone contains a thin layer of compact bone called the epiphyseal ________.

Line

Choose the bones formed through endochondral ossification. Lower limb bones Mandible Upper limb bones Vertebrae Flat bones of the skull

Lower limb bones Upper limb bones Vertebrae

Osteoporosis is characterized by a significant loss in bone mass. What cell type is less active than normal during this disease?

Osteoblasts

Mature bone cells are called ______.

Osteocytes

In a severe protein-deficient diet, which portion of the bone matrix will be reduced? The inorganic component Osteoid The organic component Calcium phosphate

Osteoid The organic component

A tough fibrous layer covering the outer surface of a long bone is called the ______.

Periosteum

The epiphysis of a long bone closest to the body trunk is the ______ epiphysis.

Proximal

Cancellous or trabecular bone is also called______ bone.

Spongy

Which statements characterize central canals of osteons?

They contain nerves. They are cylindrical channels. They contain blood vessels.

Which statements characterize osteocytes?

They reside in lacunae. They maintain bone matrix.

In an individual consuming a severe protein-deficient diet, how might their bones be affected?

They will likely be very brittle.

Which vitamin activates osteoblasts?

Vitamin A

Which vitamin promotes collagen production?

Vitamin C

A bone's growth in diameter is called _____ growth.

appositional

A bone fracture tears ______, which causes bleeding and a fracture hematoma to form.

blood vessels

The cylindrical channel that lies in the center of the ______.

central canal

The cylindrical channel that lies in the center of the osteon is the ______.

central canal

Which is an organic component of bone?

collagen fibers

An osteon is the basic functional and structural microscopic unit of ______.

compact bone

In a(n) ______ fracture, one or both ends of a broken bone pierce the overlying skin.

compound

In osteolysis, the liberated calcium ______.

enters the blood

The structure that replaces the epiphyseal plate in adult bone is the ______.

epiphyseal line

A bony callus is ______.

hard

A blood clot within a bone fracture is called a fracture _____

hematoma

Calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide interact to form ______ in the matrix of bone.

hydroxyapatite crystals

Ossification begins ______.

in the embryo

The function of parathyroid hormone is to ______. decrease blood calcium levels stimulate the secretion of growth hormone increase blood calcium levels promote collagen production

increase blood calcium levels

A long bone's growth in length is called ______.

interstitial growth

The type of ossification that is also referred to as dermal ossification, is called _____ ossification.

intramembranous

Bone growth within a membrane is called ______.

intramembranous ossification

The metaphysis of mature bone contains a thin layer of compact bone called the epiphyseal _________.

line

The region of a mature bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis is the ______.

metaphysis

The formation and development of bone is ______.

ossification

______ are large phagocytic cells found in bone.

osteoclasts

______ remove bone matrix and ______ add to it.

osteoclasts and osteoblasts

When osteoblasts become entrapped in the matrix they produce, they become cells called ______.

osteocytes

When osteoblasts become entrapped in the matrix they produce, they become cells called _______.

osteocytes

The release of stored calcium and phosphate from the bone matrix is called _______.

osteolysis

Osteoblasts function to ______.

produce osteoid

In the structure of the epiphyseal plate, the zone farthest away from the medullary cavity of the diaphysis of a long bone is the zone of ______.

resting cartilage

The broken bone does not penetrate the skin in a ______.

simple fracture

The medullary cavity of adult bone contains _______ bone marrow.

yellow