Cell Division Test

sister chromatids

a chromosome and its identical copy

interphase

cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for division; consists of G1, S, and G2 phases

cell cycle

cell grows, prepares to divide, then divides to start growth process again; interphase + M phase

cell division

division of a parent cell into daughter cells

cytokinesis

division of the cytoplasm (cytosol and organelles)

mitosis

division of the nucleus or chromosomes; creates two genetically identical cells

prophase

first phase of mitosis in which chromosomes become visible and nuclear membraine disappears

telophase

last phase of mitosis, chromosome are in two new cells and nuclear membranes start to reform

centromere

location where sister chromatids are attached

spindle

microtubule structure that separates chromosomes during mitosis

metaphase

phase of mitosis in which chromosomes line up in the center of the cell

anaphase

phase of mitosis in which sister chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell

crossing-over

process by which homologous chromosomes exchange pieces, resulting in greater genetic variety

gamete

sex cell, sperm or egg

S phase

stage of interphase in which DNA is replicated

G2 phase

stage of interphase in which cell duplicates its cytosol and organelles

G1 phase

stage of interphase in which cell grows and performs its normal functions

centriole

structure that helps to form the spindle

meiosis

type of cell division that creates gametes; creates four cells that are genetically unique

cancer

uncontrolled cell division