Cell Division Test
sister chromatids
a chromosome and its identical copy
interphase
cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for division; consists of G1, S, and G2 phases
cell cycle
cell grows, prepares to divide, then divides to start growth process again; interphase + M phase
cell division
division of a parent cell into daughter cells
cytokinesis
division of the cytoplasm (cytosol and organelles)
mitosis
division of the nucleus or chromosomes; creates two genetically identical cells
prophase
first phase of mitosis in which chromosomes become visible and nuclear membraine disappears
telophase
last phase of mitosis, chromosome are in two new cells and nuclear membranes start to reform
centromere
location where sister chromatids are attached
spindle
microtubule structure that separates chromosomes during mitosis
metaphase
phase of mitosis in which chromosomes line up in the center of the cell
anaphase
phase of mitosis in which sister chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell
crossing-over
process by which homologous chromosomes exchange pieces, resulting in greater genetic variety
gamete
sex cell, sperm or egg
S phase
stage of interphase in which DNA is replicated
G2 phase
stage of interphase in which cell duplicates its cytosol and organelles
G1 phase
stage of interphase in which cell grows and performs its normal functions
centriole
structure that helps to form the spindle
meiosis
type of cell division that creates gametes; creates four cells that are genetically unique
cancer
uncontrolled cell division