Cell Organelles and Function

Cell Membrane

A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.

Cytoplasm

A gel-like material that surrounds all parts of the cell within the membrane.

nucleus

Control center or "brain of the cell". Contains the DNA (genetic material).

chromatin

DNA and proteins (makes chromosomes)

plant cell vs animal cell

Plant cells: chloroplasts, cell wall, vacuole is larger than in animal cell Animal cells: no chloroplasts, no cell wall, vacuole is smaller than those in plant cell

Vacuole

Stores food, water, waste and other cellular materials. Smaller in animal Cells

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Transport of proteins throughout the cell.

lysosome

break down organelles that are no longer useful, removing "junk" so it doesn't clutter the cell; recycles

peroxisomes

breakdown fatty acids

ribosome

cell organelle where proteins are made from found in cytoplasm (free)and on rough endoplasmic reticulum(bound)

organelles

cell parts with a specialized functions

Mitochondria

cellular respiration(ATP) -PLANT AND ANIMAL

plasmodesmata

channels between cells that allow passage of molecules

nucleous

chromosomal sub-units are formed

eukaryote

complex cell that contains a nucleus and organelles eg. plant, animal, protist, algae

plant cell

contains a cell wall, chloroplast and large vacuole - eukaryotic

animal cell

does not have a cell wall or chloroplast and a small vacuole

Rough Endoplasmic Recticulum

functions in transport of substances such as proteins within the cytoplasm. Act like roads in the cell. PLANT and ANIMAL

villi

help with movement

cytoskeleton

maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement -PLANT AND ANIMAL

Golgi body or golgi apparatus

modifies, collects,packages, and distributes protein from one place to be used in another, flat curved sacs. Looks like a stack of pancakes. PLANTS AND ANIMALS

chloroplast

organelle where photosynthesis takes place in plant cells.

prokaryote

single-cell that does not have a nucleus eg. bacteria

centrosomes

site of microtubules

vacuole

storage structures for food, water, minerals, waste. In plant cell is large and helps cell maintain shape.

extracellular matrixECM

strengthens tissue and transmits external signals to cells

cell wall

support to the cell - made mostly of cellulose - PLANTS ONLY

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

synthesize lipids and detox drugs and poison stores Ca - PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS

cell membrane

thin flexible barrier that regulates what enters and exits the cell; composed of two layers of lipids - PLANT AND ANIMAL