Cell Organelles and Function
Cell Membrane
A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.
Cytoplasm
A gel-like material that surrounds all parts of the cell within the membrane.
nucleus
Control center or "brain of the cell". Contains the DNA (genetic material).
chromatin
DNA and proteins (makes chromosomes)
plant cell vs animal cell
Plant cells: chloroplasts, cell wall, vacuole is larger than in animal cell Animal cells: no chloroplasts, no cell wall, vacuole is smaller than those in plant cell
Vacuole
Stores food, water, waste and other cellular materials. Smaller in animal Cells
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Transport of proteins throughout the cell.
lysosome
break down organelles that are no longer useful, removing "junk" so it doesn't clutter the cell; recycles
peroxisomes
breakdown fatty acids
ribosome
cell organelle where proteins are made from found in cytoplasm (free)and on rough endoplasmic reticulum(bound)
organelles
cell parts with a specialized functions
Mitochondria
cellular respiration(ATP) -PLANT AND ANIMAL
plasmodesmata
channels between cells that allow passage of molecules
nucleous
chromosomal sub-units are formed
eukaryote
complex cell that contains a nucleus and organelles eg. plant, animal, protist, algae
plant cell
contains a cell wall, chloroplast and large vacuole - eukaryotic
animal cell
does not have a cell wall or chloroplast and a small vacuole
Rough Endoplasmic Recticulum
functions in transport of substances such as proteins within the cytoplasm. Act like roads in the cell. PLANT and ANIMAL
villi
help with movement
cytoskeleton
maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement -PLANT AND ANIMAL
Golgi body or golgi apparatus
modifies, collects,packages, and distributes protein from one place to be used in another, flat curved sacs. Looks like a stack of pancakes. PLANTS AND ANIMALS
chloroplast
organelle where photosynthesis takes place in plant cells.
prokaryote
single-cell that does not have a nucleus eg. bacteria
centrosomes
site of microtubules
vacuole
storage structures for food, water, minerals, waste. In plant cell is large and helps cell maintain shape.
extracellular matrixECM
strengthens tissue and transmits external signals to cells
cell wall
support to the cell - made mostly of cellulose - PLANTS ONLY
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
synthesize lipids and detox drugs and poison stores Ca - PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS
cell membrane
thin flexible barrier that regulates what enters and exits the cell; composed of two layers of lipids - PLANT AND ANIMAL
