Cell Test Review - Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, Cell Transport, Cell transport, Cell Organelle

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Cell Membrane

"Border control", controls what comes in and out of the cell; maintains homeostasis

Nucleus

"Brain" of the cell, control center; Contains DNA (genetic material)

Endoplasmic reticulum

"Cell highway", transports goods and materials throughout the cell, 2 types

Vesicles

"Mail men," small membrane bound sacs that transport materials around cell and to cell membrane

Mitochondria

"Powerhouse" or "Energy producer"; makes ATP through cell respiration

Golgi body

"Quality control", Modifies and Processes proteins made by the cell.

Organelle

"Small organs" of the cell that carry out specific functions

Vacuole

"warehouse," stores food, water, waste; larger in plant cells

phagocytosis

A type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells Requires ATP

pinocytosis

A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes. Requires ATP

chlorophyll

Absorbs light energy. Pigment that gives a plant its green color. Found in the chloroplast

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate. Energy.

Ribosome

Assembles amino acids into proteins.

Cellular Respiration Chemical Equation

C6H12O2 + 6O2 ------> 6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy (ATP)

Photosynthesis symbol equation

CO2+H2O --> C6H12O6 + O2

Nutrition/Diet

Calories, nutrients, and water are provided by our _____.

Aerobic respiration

Converting glucose into ATP with oxygen.

Anaerobic Respiration

Converting glucose into ATP without oxygen.

Lysosome

Enzyme vesicle.Breaks down larger food molecules into smaller molecules; digests old cell parts

carbon dioxide

Gas taken in and used during photosynthesis.

Cell Wall

Gives support and protection to cell; made of cellulose in plants.

Nucleus

In both plant and animal cells; controls cellular functions:

Mitochondria

In both plant and animal cells; takes sugar and turns it into energy (ATP)

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like substance the cell organelles float in

Cytoskeleton

Made of protein microtubules and microfilaments.

Homeostasis

Maintaining balance or equalibrium inside the cell.

Prokaryote

NO membrane-bound organelles; simple cells

Semipermeable, selectively permeable

Only certain molecules can cross.

Mitochondria

Organelle found in all organisms that is the site of aerobic cellular respiration

Cell Membrane or Plasma membrane

Organelle that surrounds the cell and controls what goes in and out.

Central vacuole

Plant cells have large one to store water.

Cellular Respiration

The process that releases energy (ATP) by breaking down glucose. (converts food molecules (glucose) into a form usable (ATP) by the organism)

Chloroplasts

Where photosynthesis occurs; in plant cells only

product

a substance that is formed by a chemical reaction

Number of ATP produced by Anaerobic Respiration

about 2 ATP

Number of ATP produced by Aerobic Respiration

about 38 ATP

Transport

absorption of fluids by cells of the human body; movement of materials throughout the cell.

lipids

biomolecule that makes up the majority of the cell mebrane

Photosynthesis word equation

carbon dioxide + water --> glucose and oxygen

Proteins

cartilage and keratin

Eukaryote

contain membrane-bound organelles; complex cells.

Cellular Respiration

conversion of glucose (sugar), from food, in to a more usable form.

Photosynthesis

converting light energy to the chemical energy of food, in plants

Osmosis

diffusion of water, through a membrane, from an area of high concentration to low concentration.

light energy

energy from the sun that is used by plants to produce their own food by the process of photosynthesis

endocytosis, exocytosis, pinocytosis, phagocytosis, pumps

examples of ACTIVE transport, requires energy

bulk transport, pumps

forms of ACTIVE transport

diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis

forms of PASSIVE transport, requires NO energy

Nucleus

found in eukaryotes; controls cell functions.

Cell Wall

found in plant cells; structure/support of the cell.

Nucleolus

found inside the nucleus; synthesizes ribosomes and RNA.

main purpose of cell membrane

homeostasis

Vacuole

large storage organelle in plants; small in animals

Nucleolus

manufactures ribosomes

Diffusion

movement of molecules, through a membrane, from an area of high concentration to low concentration.

Excretion

movement of waste materials out of the cell.

sodium potassium pump

moves sodium out of cell and potassium in, moves against concentration gradient, requires ATP

Respiration

occurs in the mitochondria; releases ATP for metabolic activity; glucose is broken down to produce energy.

chloroplast

organelle where photosynthesis takes place.

protein channels and pumps

part of cell membrane, help transport materials in or out of the cell

endocytosis

process by which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with the cell membrane, requires ATP

Aerobic Respiration

process in which cells get energy with the use of oxygen.

Anaerobic Respiration

process in which cells get energy without the use of oxygen.

Mitochondria

produces, stores, and transfers energy for the cell; site of cellular respiration.

Smooth ER

produces/transports lipids and starches.

oxygen

product of photosynthesis

Archaebacteria

prokaryote example

exocytosis

release of substances out a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane, requires ATP

Anaerobic

respiration that causes lactic acid buildup.

Plasma Membrane

semi-permeable (allowing certain materials to move through)

Ribosomes

synthesize proteins.

Synthesis

the conversion of glucose into glycogen.

facilitated diffusion

the movement of molecules across a membrane with the help of PROTEINS, needs NO ENERGY.

passive transport

the movement of particles WITHOUT the need of energy.

active transport

the movement of particles against its concentration gradient, REQUIRES ATP (energy)

diffusion

the movement of particles from a region of high to low concentration.

osmosis

the movement of water across a membrane, needs NO energy

leaf

the part of the plant where most photosynthesis takes place

Glucose

the type of sugar made during photosynthesis

stomata

tiny holes in the leaves of the plant where gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen enter and exit

Rough ER

transports proteins.

Chemical energy

used to form ATP bonds.


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