Cell Test Review - Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, Cell Transport, Cell transport, Cell Organelle
Cell Membrane
"Border control", controls what comes in and out of the cell; maintains homeostasis
Nucleus
"Brain" of the cell, control center; Contains DNA (genetic material)
Endoplasmic reticulum
"Cell highway", transports goods and materials throughout the cell, 2 types
Vesicles
"Mail men," small membrane bound sacs that transport materials around cell and to cell membrane
Mitochondria
"Powerhouse" or "Energy producer"; makes ATP through cell respiration
Golgi body
"Quality control", Modifies and Processes proteins made by the cell.
Organelle
"Small organs" of the cell that carry out specific functions
Vacuole
"warehouse," stores food, water, waste; larger in plant cells
phagocytosis
A type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells Requires ATP
pinocytosis
A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes. Requires ATP
chlorophyll
Absorbs light energy. Pigment that gives a plant its green color. Found in the chloroplast
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate. Energy.
Ribosome
Assembles amino acids into proteins.
Cellular Respiration Chemical Equation
C6H12O2 + 6O2 ------> 6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy (ATP)
Photosynthesis symbol equation
CO2+H2O --> C6H12O6 + O2
Nutrition/Diet
Calories, nutrients, and water are provided by our _____.
Aerobic respiration
Converting glucose into ATP with oxygen.
Anaerobic Respiration
Converting glucose into ATP without oxygen.
Lysosome
Enzyme vesicle.Breaks down larger food molecules into smaller molecules; digests old cell parts
carbon dioxide
Gas taken in and used during photosynthesis.
Cell Wall
Gives support and protection to cell; made of cellulose in plants.
Nucleus
In both plant and animal cells; controls cellular functions:
Mitochondria
In both plant and animal cells; takes sugar and turns it into energy (ATP)
Cytoplasm
Jelly-like substance the cell organelles float in
Cytoskeleton
Made of protein microtubules and microfilaments.
Homeostasis
Maintaining balance or equalibrium inside the cell.
Prokaryote
NO membrane-bound organelles; simple cells
Semipermeable, selectively permeable
Only certain molecules can cross.
Mitochondria
Organelle found in all organisms that is the site of aerobic cellular respiration
Cell Membrane or Plasma membrane
Organelle that surrounds the cell and controls what goes in and out.
Central vacuole
Plant cells have large one to store water.
Cellular Respiration
The process that releases energy (ATP) by breaking down glucose. (converts food molecules (glucose) into a form usable (ATP) by the organism)
Chloroplasts
Where photosynthesis occurs; in plant cells only
product
a substance that is formed by a chemical reaction
Number of ATP produced by Anaerobic Respiration
about 2 ATP
Number of ATP produced by Aerobic Respiration
about 38 ATP
Transport
absorption of fluids by cells of the human body; movement of materials throughout the cell.
lipids
biomolecule that makes up the majority of the cell mebrane
Photosynthesis word equation
carbon dioxide + water --> glucose and oxygen
Proteins
cartilage and keratin
Eukaryote
contain membrane-bound organelles; complex cells.
Cellular Respiration
conversion of glucose (sugar), from food, in to a more usable form.
Photosynthesis
converting light energy to the chemical energy of food, in plants
Osmosis
diffusion of water, through a membrane, from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
light energy
energy from the sun that is used by plants to produce their own food by the process of photosynthesis
endocytosis, exocytosis, pinocytosis, phagocytosis, pumps
examples of ACTIVE transport, requires energy
bulk transport, pumps
forms of ACTIVE transport
diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis
forms of PASSIVE transport, requires NO energy
Nucleus
found in eukaryotes; controls cell functions.
Cell Wall
found in plant cells; structure/support of the cell.
Nucleolus
found inside the nucleus; synthesizes ribosomes and RNA.
main purpose of cell membrane
homeostasis
Vacuole
large storage organelle in plants; small in animals
Nucleolus
manufactures ribosomes
Diffusion
movement of molecules, through a membrane, from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
Excretion
movement of waste materials out of the cell.
sodium potassium pump
moves sodium out of cell and potassium in, moves against concentration gradient, requires ATP
Respiration
occurs in the mitochondria; releases ATP for metabolic activity; glucose is broken down to produce energy.
chloroplast
organelle where photosynthesis takes place.
protein channels and pumps
part of cell membrane, help transport materials in or out of the cell
endocytosis
process by which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with the cell membrane, requires ATP
Aerobic Respiration
process in which cells get energy with the use of oxygen.
Anaerobic Respiration
process in which cells get energy without the use of oxygen.
Mitochondria
produces, stores, and transfers energy for the cell; site of cellular respiration.
Smooth ER
produces/transports lipids and starches.
oxygen
product of photosynthesis
Archaebacteria
prokaryote example
exocytosis
release of substances out a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane, requires ATP
Anaerobic
respiration that causes lactic acid buildup.
Plasma Membrane
semi-permeable (allowing certain materials to move through)
Ribosomes
synthesize proteins.
Synthesis
the conversion of glucose into glycogen.
facilitated diffusion
the movement of molecules across a membrane with the help of PROTEINS, needs NO ENERGY.
passive transport
the movement of particles WITHOUT the need of energy.
active transport
the movement of particles against its concentration gradient, REQUIRES ATP (energy)
diffusion
the movement of particles from a region of high to low concentration.
osmosis
the movement of water across a membrane, needs NO energy
leaf
the part of the plant where most photosynthesis takes place
Glucose
the type of sugar made during photosynthesis
stomata
tiny holes in the leaves of the plant where gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen enter and exit
Rough ER
transports proteins.
Chemical energy
used to form ATP bonds.
