Cells
cell biology
the field of biology that studies cells
100 trillion
the human body has over ______ cells
spontaneous generation of life- cells formed in a similar way to crystals
what observation by schwann was discounted when virchow proposed that all cells arise only from other cells
DNA, RNA and proteins
what relationships do molecular biologists study
Leeuwenhoek's observation of plaque between his teeth
what was among the first observations on living bacteria that was ever recorded
the transmission electron microscope
what was the first electron microscope
the building blocks of life
what were cells called
organelles and tiny cell structures
what were invisible to the light microscope?
schleiden, schwann, and virchow
which three people developed the cell theory
zacharias jansen
who came up with the first compound microscope
robert hooke
who discovered the cell?
zacharias jansen
who invented the compound microscopes
robert hooke
who looked at the cork under the microscope
500 quadrillion
who many chemical reactions do the cells in our body go through every second
virchow
who observed that cells divide to produce more cells/ cells arise only from other cells?
Schwann and Schleiden
who originally discovered that the role of cells were the basic unit of structure and function of all living things?
schwann
who said that all animals are made of cells
virchow
who said that all cells come from cells
schleiden
who said that all plants were made of celss
Antony van Leeuwenhoek
who used microscopes in the 1670s to observe many microbes and body cells
a german botanist
who was schleiden
a german zoologist
who was schwann
Robert Hooke
who was the word cell first used by?
they use point illumination and a spatial pinhole to eliminate out-of-focus light in specimens that are thicker than the focal plane
in confocal microscopy, how do they increase optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph?
resolution
measure of clarity of an image
compound microscopes
microscopes that use more than one lens
pollen grains, cell wall
one specific use of the confocal microscope is observing the _____ _____ whose complex _____ _____ can be seen clearly
chromosomes, genes, cell division
one specific use of the confocal microscope is the arrangement of _____ and _____ in a cell's nucleus during different points in the ______ _____ cycle
structure, three, cytoskeletal fibers, cells
one specific use of the confocal microscope is to resolve the _____ of various complex _____-dimensional objects, such as networks of ______ _____ in the cytoplasm of _____
animalcules
one-celled organism that Leeuwenhoek saw
confocal microscopy
optical imaging technique used to increase optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph
cells
all life is made of:
molecular biology
being able to understand the interactions between the various systems of a cell
percipitates
clumps of metals that serve as a barrier against cracking
they perform the functions in collaboration with other cells
how do multicellular organisms perform their functions?
3
how many objectives are there on a microscope?
resolution
the minimum distance that two points can be separated by and still be distinguished as two separate points
all living things are made up of one or more cells, all living things are made from preexisting cells, the fundamental unit of structure and function in living organisms is the cell, the activity of an organism depends on the activity of independent cells, energy flow occurs within cells, cells contain DNA passed from cell to cell during cell division, all cells are the basic chemical composition in organisms of similar species
the modern version of the cell theory states:
functions
the one cell of a unicellular organism must be able to perform all the _____ necessary for life
cell
the smallest unit of structure and function of all living organisms
to produce images of molecules and atoms
what are electron microscopes used for?
protests, fungi, plant, and animals
what are examples of multicellular organisms
metabolism, homeostasis, reproduction
what are the functions that the unicellular organism has to perform
micrographia
what book did Hooke publish?
modernize the theory
what did findings since the time of the original cell theory allow scientists to do
cells that monks slept in
what did the chambers remind hooke of
all organisms are made up of one or more cells, all the life functions of an organism occur within cells, all cells come from preexisting cells
what did the original cell theory state
cells physiological properties, structure, organelles, interactions with the extracellular environment, live cycle, division, and death
what do cell biologists study
The SEM gives a greater depth of view with a higher resolution and a more detailed surface picture
what does the SEM do better than the TEM?
all living things are composed of cells
what does the first part of the cell theory state
cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
what does the second part of the cell theory state
all cells are produced by other cells
what does the third part of the cell theory state
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in a water-based environment
what essentially are cells
bacteria
what is an example of a unicellular organism
the electron microscope uses electrons instead of light and electromagnets in the place of glass lenses
what is the difference between an electron microscope and an optical microscope?
a cell
what is the smallest unit of life?
the phospholipid membrane
what keeps the water=based environment in the cell separate from the water-based environment outside the cell
the electrons have a much lower wavelength
what makes it possible to get a better resolution with a TEM
