Cellular Respiration
How many high-energy phosphate bonds are in ATP, ADP, AMP?
ATP 2 ADP 1 AMP 0
What is the product of this enzyme (ATP synthase), what does this enzyme make?
ATP energy
Products of the ETC enter what enzyme?
ATP synthase
Ketosis
Abnormal rise in the concentration of Ketone bodies in the blood
In the mito. The pyruvate is converted to ?-? and carbon dioxide is released
Acetyl CoA
Metabolism
All of the chemical reactions of the body
The products of the Kreb's cycle move to ?-? of which is located in the inner membrane of the mito.
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
Where do the free fatty acids enter into ATP production?
Enter at Acetyl CoA
What enzyme controls Glycogenolysis pathway?
Glycogen Phosphorylase
What enzyme controls glycogenesis pathway?
Glycogen synthase
Where in the mito. does the Kreb's cycle occur?
In the matrix region
The Acetyl CoA then enters the ?-? and carbon dioxide is released
Kreb Cycle
Under anaerobic conditions happens to the lactic acid?
Lactic acid moves to the liver liver converts lactic acid to glucose by a process called Gluconeogenesis
Can access amino acids be stored as excess proteins?
NO
Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?
Occurs in the cytoplasm
What are the products of triglyceride degradation?
Occurs in the mito. matrix
Under anaerobic conditions what happens to the pyruvate?
Pyruvate converts to lactic acid
Catabolic rxn
RXN that forms smaller molecules from a larger molecule
Anabolic rxn
RXN that makes a larger molecule from smaller molecules
Glycogenolysis
The conversion of glycogen to glucose-6-phosphate
Gluconeogenesis
The conversion of non-carbohydrate molecules (lactic acid, amino acids, glycerol) into glucose
Glycogenesis
The formation of glycogen from glucose
Ketogenesis
The production of ketone bodies from Acetyl CoA in the mito. of the liver
Lipolysis
The splitting of a triglyceride to glycerol and free fatty acids
Can Ketones be converted back to the Acetyl CoA and used in the production of ATP?
YES, they can!
Are the products the same under both conditions (aerobic and anaerobic)
Yes
Will the pathways that occur in the mito. only occur if oxygen is present?
Yes this only occurs when oxygen is present
Will glycolysis occur in the presence or absence of oxygen?
Yes. It occurs in BOTH the presence OR absence of oxygen
Cori cycle
A cycle in which lactic acid produced by skeletal muscle is transformed to glucose through gluconeogenesis in the liver and return to the muscle cells by way of the blood
Can amino acids and fatty acids be used to produce ATP under anaerobic conditions?
-NO! They produce under aerobic.
Under aerobic conditions what happens to pyruvate?
-Pyruvate from glycolysis moves to mito. -pyruvate converted to Acetyl CoA and CO2
Where can the carbon skeleton of the a.a. enter the production of ATP?
1) Pyruvate 2) Acetyl CoA 3) Intermediates of the Kreb's Cycle
What pathways occur in the mito?
1) pyruvate to acetyl CoA 2) Krebs cycle 3) electron transport chain (ATP)
When does ketosis like occur?
1) starvation 2) unwise dieting (very low carbohydrate diet) 3) diabetes mellitus
Write out the composition of an ATP molecule
1. Adenine base 2. Ribose sugar 3. Three phosphate radicals -last 2 are connected by a high energy phosphate bond -high-energy phosphate bond is indicated as ~
What nutrients may be used to produce ATP?
1. Glucose (carbohydrates) 2. Fatty acids (triglycerides) 3. Amino acids (proteins)
When does the liver produce ketones?
When the rate of lipolysis exceeds the right ofAcetyl CoA utilization the liver will convert some of the excess Acetyl CoA to Ketone Bodies
