Ch 1-3 Bio Test

Plants that provide energy in the form of nutrient molecules are known as _________.

producers

Each element has a specific amount of _______, but the neutrons in each atom vary, called _______. Some _______ are radioactive, and can thus be used to find out fossil age or can be traced in an organism. A half-life is how long it takes the atom to decay to half of its original mass.

protons, isotopes

Traits best suited to an environment=

Adaption

Unicellular live in extreme conditions

Archaea

unicellular

Bacteria

plant energy storage

starch

Organic nutrients that move from one population to another in a food chain is an example of __________ within an ecosystem.

chemical cycling

The sun is the ultimate source of energy for nearly all of life. Plants and certain other organisms convert solar energy into _______ energy through the process of ___________.

chemical, photosynthesis

When multiple populations interact it is called a_________

community

A _______ results from the sharing of electrons.

covalent bond (is the strongest bond)

one electron is completely stripped from one atom and given to another.

ionic bond (middle strength bond)

Each element has a specific amount of protons, but the neutrons in each atom vary, called _____

isotopes

Noble gases have _____ reactivity because they have full electron shells.

low

All living things require an outside source of materials and energy. All of the chemical reactions that occur within a cell to provide these materials and energy are called______

metabolism

All the chemical reactions that occur within a cell =

metabolism

cellular mutations cause____

natural selection

ph scale 7

neutral

Members of a species form a________

population

Plant cell fiber

Cellulose

when chemicals move from one population to another in the food chain.

Chemical Cycling

Explain the basic characteristics that are common to all living organisms.

Complex organization Respond to Stimuli Reproduce Adapt to environment (leads to natural selection) Grow and develop Homeostasis (steady interstate) Metabolism (energy processing) Has to be at least a cell (not organelle, molecule, or atom)

contains the genetic instructions for the development and function of living things.

DNA

Comes from the sun through plants and other animals as they feed on one another.

Energy flow

Bacteria: unicellular Animals, Fungi, plants, can be unicellular by they are more complicated

Eukarya

Accumulated adaptions over time=

Evolution

descent with modification.

Evolution

lipids

Function: Hydrophobic 3 main types: Phospholipid=cell membrane Steroids= cholesterol in cell membrane hormones are made of these Triglycerides= long-term energy storage

Carbohydrates

Function: short term/immediate energy 3 main types: Starch= Plant storage Glycogen= Animal storage Cellulose= Plant Cell wall fiber

weakest bond

Hydrogen bonds

__________ form between slightly positive and slightly negative charges of polar covalent molecules, such as ________. They are the weakest bond.

Hydrogen bonds, water

________ and ______ can be found inside the nucleus of an atom

Protons, neutrons

Gets info from DNA and sends it into the cytoplasm

RNA

Anything that releases hydrogen ions/protons is an_____

acid

ph scale 0-6

acidic

Penguins have extra layers of feathers, a layer of blubber, and feet and tails that serve as rudders. Collectively, these __________ make them suitable for life in a cold, aquatic exististence.

adaptations

are the building blocks of proteins (there are 20)

amino acids

Releases hydroxide=

base

ph scale 8-14

basic

Organisms exhibit _________ by interacting with and responding to their environment. For example, lizards lounge on rocks in sunny locations to warm their bodies and seek shade to cool their bodies.

behaviors

Ecosystems of the entire plant form the_______

biosphere

Energy flow and chemical cycling in an ecosystem determine where different ecosystems are found in the_________.

biosphere

A ______ is a solution that can resist pH change upon the addition of an acidic or basic components. It is able to neutralize small amounts of added acid or base, thus maintaining the pH of the solution relatively stable.

buffer

When a population interacts with physical and nonliving things in an environment it is called a__________

ecosystem

________ can be found around the nucleus floating in an electron cloud.

electrons

The number of __________ in the outermost shell of an atom determines its _________.

electrons, reactivity

The capacity to do work=

energy

Sunlight striking plants and the heat released by producers, consumers, and decomposers are all components of ________ within an ecosystem.

energy flow

Proteins

function: shape of cell Types: Hemoglobin enzymes= catalyst speed up chemical reaction) hormones= chemical messenger transports through blood) Cell membrane

Animal energy storage

glycogen

Halogens are ________ reactive because they readily gain an electron to fill their outermost shell.

highly

However, for these processes to continue, living things must maintain _________, or the maintenance of internal conditions within certain boundaries.

homeostasis