Ch 1-3 Bio Test
Plants that provide energy in the form of nutrient molecules are known as _________.
producers
Each element has a specific amount of _______, but the neutrons in each atom vary, called _______. Some _______ are radioactive, and can thus be used to find out fossil age or can be traced in an organism. A half-life is how long it takes the atom to decay to half of its original mass.
protons, isotopes
Traits best suited to an environment=
Adaption
Unicellular live in extreme conditions
Archaea
unicellular
Bacteria
plant energy storage
starch
Organic nutrients that move from one population to another in a food chain is an example of __________ within an ecosystem.
chemical cycling
The sun is the ultimate source of energy for nearly all of life. Plants and certain other organisms convert solar energy into _______ energy through the process of ___________.
chemical, photosynthesis
When multiple populations interact it is called a_________
community
A _______ results from the sharing of electrons.
covalent bond (is the strongest bond)
one electron is completely stripped from one atom and given to another.
ionic bond (middle strength bond)
Each element has a specific amount of protons, but the neutrons in each atom vary, called _____
isotopes
Noble gases have _____ reactivity because they have full electron shells.
low
All living things require an outside source of materials and energy. All of the chemical reactions that occur within a cell to provide these materials and energy are called______
metabolism
All the chemical reactions that occur within a cell =
metabolism
cellular mutations cause____
natural selection
ph scale 7
neutral
Members of a species form a________
population
Plant cell fiber
Cellulose
when chemicals move from one population to another in the food chain.
Chemical Cycling
Explain the basic characteristics that are common to all living organisms.
Complex organization Respond to Stimuli Reproduce Adapt to environment (leads to natural selection) Grow and develop Homeostasis (steady interstate) Metabolism (energy processing) Has to be at least a cell (not organelle, molecule, or atom)
contains the genetic instructions for the development and function of living things.
DNA
Comes from the sun through plants and other animals as they feed on one another.
Energy flow
Bacteria: unicellular Animals, Fungi, plants, can be unicellular by they are more complicated
Eukarya
Accumulated adaptions over time=
Evolution
descent with modification.
Evolution
lipids
Function: Hydrophobic 3 main types: Phospholipid=cell membrane Steroids= cholesterol in cell membrane hormones are made of these Triglycerides= long-term energy storage
Carbohydrates
Function: short term/immediate energy 3 main types: Starch= Plant storage Glycogen= Animal storage Cellulose= Plant Cell wall fiber
weakest bond
Hydrogen bonds
__________ form between slightly positive and slightly negative charges of polar covalent molecules, such as ________. They are the weakest bond.
Hydrogen bonds, water
________ and ______ can be found inside the nucleus of an atom
Protons, neutrons
Gets info from DNA and sends it into the cytoplasm
RNA
Anything that releases hydrogen ions/protons is an_____
acid
ph scale 0-6
acidic
Penguins have extra layers of feathers, a layer of blubber, and feet and tails that serve as rudders. Collectively, these __________ make them suitable for life in a cold, aquatic exististence.
adaptations
are the building blocks of proteins (there are 20)
amino acids
Releases hydroxide=
base
ph scale 8-14
basic
Organisms exhibit _________ by interacting with and responding to their environment. For example, lizards lounge on rocks in sunny locations to warm their bodies and seek shade to cool their bodies.
behaviors
Ecosystems of the entire plant form the_______
biosphere
Energy flow and chemical cycling in an ecosystem determine where different ecosystems are found in the_________.
biosphere
A ______ is a solution that can resist pH change upon the addition of an acidic or basic components. It is able to neutralize small amounts of added acid or base, thus maintaining the pH of the solution relatively stable.
buffer
When a population interacts with physical and nonliving things in an environment it is called a__________
ecosystem
________ can be found around the nucleus floating in an electron cloud.
electrons
The number of __________ in the outermost shell of an atom determines its _________.
electrons, reactivity
The capacity to do work=
energy
Sunlight striking plants and the heat released by producers, consumers, and decomposers are all components of ________ within an ecosystem.
energy flow
Proteins
function: shape of cell Types: Hemoglobin enzymes= catalyst speed up chemical reaction) hormones= chemical messenger transports through blood) Cell membrane
Animal energy storage
glycogen
Halogens are ________ reactive because they readily gain an electron to fill their outermost shell.
highly
However, for these processes to continue, living things must maintain _________, or the maintenance of internal conditions within certain boundaries.
homeostasis