Ch. 1 Pop Quiz

Which of the following Renaissance-era ideologies celebrated public virtue and service to the state? Select one: A. Civic humanism B. Machiavellian philosophy C. Democracy D. Mercantilism

A. Civic humanism

Which of the following characteristics did traditional European, Mayan, and Aztec civilizations of the fifteenth century hold in common? Select one: A. Each was a hierarchal society in which authority came from above. B. In all of these societies, serfdom prevailed. C. All of these societies punished heresies harshly. D. Each culture maintained a matrilineal inheritance system.

A. Each was a hierarchal society in which authority came from above.

The first phase of the Reformation in the 1500s had its greatest success in which of the following countries? Select one: A. Germany B. France C. England D. Italy

A. Germany

By the time the Europeans arrived in the Western Hemisphere in the 1490s, most Native Americans lived in and along which of the following regions? Select one: A. Mesoamerica and the western coast of South America B. The area that is now the United States and Canada C. The Caribbean islands D. The land above the Arctic Circle, including present-day Alaska

A. Mesoamerica and the western coast of South America

Which European nation was the first to involve itself in exploration of the Atlantic as a route to Asia and the African slave trade? Select one: A. Portugal B. England C. The Netherlands D. Spain

A. Portugal

Why were the Crusades, which took place between 1096 and 1291 A.D., significant in Europe? Select one: A. The expeditions exposed Europeans to Arab trade goods and their classical heritage. B. The series of conflicts restored control of the Holy Land to Europeans, who dominated it throughout the Renaissance period. C. They inspired Arabs to abandon their pagan rituals and favor an advanced European way of life. D. The Crusades exposed Arab regions to Europeans' superior scientific and mathematical knowledge.

A. The expeditions exposed Europeans to Arab trade goods and their classical heritage.

Which of the following factors eased the Spaniards' conquest of the Aztecs in the sixteenth century? Select one: A. The internal fighting among warriors over succession to the empire's throne. B. Montezuma assumed the Spaniards were gods and led no resistance. C. Spain's superior military technology alone wiped out thousands of the native population. D. The combination of disease and vast internal rebellion made the empire vulnerable.

A. The internal fighting among warriors over succession to the empire's throne.

Which of the following motivations drove the Spanish conquistadors who followed Columbus to the Americas in the early sixteenth century? Select one: A. Their thirst for battle and riches as well as land in the conquered territory and titles of nobility B. Their desire to acquire fame by naming the new lands after themselves C. The impulse to spread Christianity, even if it limited their opportunities for wealth and power D. A wish to create safe havens for Protestant sects that had been persecuted by the Catholic Church in Spain

A. Their thirst for battle and riches as well as land in the conquered territory and titles of nobility

The social order in Europe around 1450 can be described as Select one: A. hierarchical and authoritarian. B. based on clans. C. bureaucratic and regimented. D. egalitarian.

A. hierarchical and authoritarian.

As it gained power in Europe, Roman and medieval Catholicism contended with pre-Christian festivals and the agricultural cycle by Select one: A. integrating them into Christian holy days and biblical teachings. B. replacing pagan traditions with newly devised rites. C. aiming to eradicate these pagan practices completely. D. declaring all pagan customs to be sinful and blasphemous.

A. integrating them into Christian holy days and biblical teachings.

Typically, when an English woman of the fifteenth century married, she Select one: A. owned property jointly with her husband. B. lost any claim to all of the family's property on her husband's death. C. gave up ownership of her property to her husband. D. received full control of the family's property on her husband's death.

A. owned property jointly with her husband.

The Native American settlement known as Cahokia was a Select one: A. significant Mississippian city with more than one hundred temple mounds. B. southwestern cliff-dwelling community. C. Native American kingdom in Florida destroyed by Spanish invaders. D. village of large longhouses in the Pacific Northwest.

A. significant Mississippian city with more than one hundred temple mounds.

Which of the following explorers is correctly matched with his area of exploration? Select one: A. Balboa—rounded the Cape of Good Hope in Africa B. Cortés—conquered the Aztec Empire in Mexico C. Pizarro—explored the Isthmus of Panama and was the first European to see the Pacific Ocean D. Díaz—conquered the Mayan city-states in the Yucatán Peninsula

B. Cortés—conquered the Aztec Empire in Mexico

Which of the following was characteristic of both the Mississippian and Pueblo peoples? Select one: A. Hieroglyphic writing B. Elaborate ceremonial and urban sites C. Pyramids D. Small-scale communities of hunters and farmers

B. Elaborate ceremonial and urban sites

Which of the following statements describes the impact of the Columbian Exchange? Select one: A. It had a major impact on Europe but little impact on the Americas. B. It transported livestock, crops, and diseases among Africa, Europe, Asia, and the Americas. C. The new interaction spread the bubonic plague from the Americas to Europe, killing millions. D. The contact harmed the people of Europe, Africa, and Asia and benefited the populations of the New World.

B. It transported livestock, crops, and diseases among Africa, Europe, Asia, and the Americas.

Which of the following describes family life among Native Americans? Select one: A. The woman's role was to serve her husband. B. Kinship bonds were sometimes more important than nuclear families. C. The acceptance of premarital sex led native couples to defer marriage. D. Kinship lines for both the Iroquois and the Pueblo passed through the father.

B. Kinship bonds were sometimes more important than nuclear families.

The Aztecs lived in which of the following present-day locales? Select one: A. Florida B. Mexico C. Cuba D. California

B. Mexico

During most of the sixteenth century, which of the following was the wealthiest nation in Europe? Select one: A. England B. Spain C. France D. Portugal

B. Spain

Martin Luther advocated which of the following ideas? Select one: A. People should have the right to change their government if it oppressed them. B. The Catholic Church was corrupt and in need of reform. C. Most people required the clergy's help to read and understand the Bible. D. People could be saved only by grace, which was a gift from God.

B. The Catholic Church was corrupt and in need of reform.

How did the Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro conquer the Incans by 1535? Select one: A. He had a large force of 1,000 men and 500 horses and easily overwhelmed the Incans. B. The Incans were already weakened militarily and divided because of rival claimants to the throne. C. The Spanish forced Atahualpa, the last Inca emperor, to surrender to the Spanish. D. The Incans were frightened by the Spaniards and did not resist his forces.

B. The Incans were already weakened militarily and divided because of rival claimants to the throne.

Which of the following statements characterizes the legacy of the Spanish conquest in the New World in the sixteenth century? Select one: A. Their presence created only a very small, mixed-blood population because interracial sexual contact was rare. B. The Spanish government and missionaries waged a campaign to suppress indigenous cultures. C. The Spanish found much gold but squandered it in their attempt to convert the indigenous peoples. D. Tribal populations increased in size following the introduction of European technology.

B. The Spanish government and missionaries waged a campaign to suppress indigenous cultures.

In West Africa, the Ghana Empire (800 A.D. to 1200 A.D.), the Mali Empire (1200s to the 1400s), and the fifteenth-century Songhai Empire shared which of the following characteristics? Select one: A. Adherence to the tenets of Islam B. The use of gold as the cornerstone of their power C. Reliance on hunting and gathering for food D. The inability to raise livestock due to endemic parasites

B. The use of gold as the cornerstone of their power

Which of the Pueblo peoples built hundreds of miles of straight roads across the desert in the American Southwest to facilitate trade? Select one: A. Hohokams B. Mogollons C. Anasazis D. Apaches

C. Anasazis

Why did the number of Indians living in Mesoamerica decline from about 30 million in the fifteenth century to approximately 3 million by 1650? Select one: A. Europeans slaughtered millions of Indians in extremely fierce and long-lasting wars. B. European contact led the Indians to conduct brutal wars among themselves. C. Disease carried by Europeans decimated most Indian tribes who came into contact with them. D. Most Native Americans fled south to avoid the European raiders.

C. Disease carried by Europeans decimated most Indian tribes who came into contact with them.

The European Renaissance began in 1300 in which of the following countries? Select one: A. England B. France C. Italy D. Spain

C. Italy

Which of the following describes trading relationships among Native Americans in the period before European contact? Select one: A. Trade networks consisted only of simple bartering between local tribes. B. Every tribe was self-sufficient and avoided trading with other groups. C. Native Americans developed expansive trade networks that spanned great distances D. Mesoamerican societies developed trade networks but North Americans did not.

C. Native Americans developed expansive trade networks that spanned great distances

In 1450, the majority of European men were which of the following? Select one: A. Merchants or artisans B. Slaves C. Peasants D. Wageworkers

C. Peasants

Which of the following statements describes the Portuguese connection to African slavery in the 1400s? Select one: A. By refusing to trade in slaves, Portugal paved the way for the Dutch slave merchants. B. The Portuguese introduced the idea and practice of slavery in Africa. C. Portuguese traders ousted Arab merchants as the prime African slave merchants. D. Portuguese traders focused on transporting female slaves for work in agriculture.

C. Portuguese traders ousted Arab merchants as the prime African slave merchants.

Which of the following was a characteristic of the Aztec, Mayan, and Iroquois civilizations? Select one: A. Written language B. A hunter-gatherer economy C. Reliance on agriculture D. Use of complex irrigation systems

C. Reliance on agriculture

Why were the modern-day countries of Mexico and Peru originally Spain's most significant conquests? Select one: A. The Aztecs' knowledge of iron and steel production contributed to Spain's armory. B. They provided hospitable environments for colonies that attracted Spanish families. C. The Inca, Aztecs, and Mayans had great wealth, particularly in gold. D. Indian agricultural techniques made Spanish farming much more productive.

C. The Inca, Aztecs, and Mayans had great wealth, particularly in gold.

Which of the following statements describes the status of European monarchs in 1450? Select one: A. They were absolute rulers who controlled every aspect of society. B. Monarchs were figureheads while parliamentary bodies ruled. C. The authority of the monarchs was often challenged by local nobles. D. European kings and princes had little political power at this time.

C. The authority of the monarchs was often challenged by local nobles

What was the foundation for the prosperous Native American societies in Mexico, Peru, and the Mississippi River Valley? Select one: A. Large, well-fortified cities B. Gold and silver mining C. The cultivation of maize D. Bison hunting

C. The cultivation of maize

Which of the following describes the first peoples who migrated to the Americas? Select one: A. The first Americans built large, permanent villages. B. They lived on large, permanent farms. C. The group consisted of bands of hunter-gatherers. D. They did little hunting and mostly gathered edible plants.

C. The group consisted of bands of hunter-gatherers.

Which of the following statements describes Native American peoples east of the Mississippi River? Select one: A. Men made all of the decisions regarding agriculture. B. Their standard of living and populations increased dramatically in the century preceding the arrival of the Europeans. C. They had no single style of political organization. D. They developed elaborate systems of water storage and irrigation.

C. They had no single style of political organization.

Why was the fifteenth-century marriage of Queen Isabel and King Ferdinand of Spain significant? Select one: A. They decided jointly to end the Spanish Inquisition. B. It created a new basis for female political power. C. Together they completed Spain's long campaign to oust Muslims. D. The Catholic Church refused to recognize their arranged union.

C. Together they completed Spain's long campaign to oust Muslims.

Which of the following was a result of the Crusades, which took place between 1096 and 1291 A.D.? Select one: A. Christian identity fragmented in Europe. B. Europeans' toleration of Jews increased. C. Western European merchants gained awareness of Asian trade routes. D. Christian warriors quickly expelled Muslims from most of Europe.

C. Western European merchants gained awareness of Asian trade routes.

On October 12, 1492, Columbus, his men, and his ships reached Select one: A. Mexico. B. Brazil. C. an island in the Bahamas. D. Florida.

C. an island in the Bahamas.

Which of the following features characterized most Native North Americans' spiritual views and practices? Select one: A. Monotheism B. Human sacrifice C. Transubstantiation D. Animism

D. Animism

Most of the people living in West Africa when European trade began in the early fifteenth century were Select one: A. Yorubas. B. Jews. C. Muslims. D. Animists.

D. Animists.

Which Europeans were represented by guilds in the fifteenth century? Select one: A. The landed nobility B. Peasants C. Lawyers D. Artisans

D. Artisans

Which of the following factors prevented Europeans from seeking to conquer territory in Africa in the fifteenth century? Select one: A. The continent's environment was unsuitable for agriculture B. Lack of valuable natural resources in the region C. The population was too sparse to exploit effectively D. Coastal kingdoms were too well-defended

D. Coastal kingdoms were too well-defended

Why had Christopher Columbus faded from public view by the time he died in 1506? Select one: A. He did not establish successful colonies. B. He failed to Christianize the Native Americans. C. He began the transatlantic trade in slaves. D. He failed to find great treasures or kingdoms.

D. He failed to find great treasures or kingdoms.

Merchants from which of the following countries made inroads in the Arab-dominated trade routes of the Mediterranean in the twelfth century? Select one: A. Spain B. England C. Portugal D. Italy

D. Italy

The rise of commerce in most of Europe in the fifteenth century shifted the balance of power by favoring which of the following groups? Select one: A. The landed nobility B. Peasants C. Artisans D. Monarchs

D. Monarchs

Which of following is the name for the European practice wherein the eldest son inherited nearly all of his father's estate? Select one: A. Predestination B. The dower system C. The putting out system D. Primogeniture

D. Primogeniture

John Calvin and Calvinist theologians of the 1500s stressed which of the following ideas? Select one: A. God's compassion and love for all peoples B. The basic innocence of humans at their births C. God's promise of ultimate salvation for all D. The doctrine of predestination

D. The doctrine of predestination

Which of the following statements describes the Maya peoples? Select one: A. The Maya avoided any sort of decoration on their stone temples. B. The Maya derived their culture from the Spanish invaders. C. They lived under a democratic system of government without a ruling class. D. They devised a calendar system that predicted solar and lunar eclipses accurately.

D. They devised a calendar system that predicted solar and lunar eclipses accurately.

Which of the following describes the first ancestors of the Native American peoples? Select one: A. The first Native Americans migrated by sea from Polynesia. B. This group had always lived in the Western Hemisphere. C. The original group migrated by sea from China. D. They were migrants who came over land from northeastern Asia.

D. They were migrants who came over land from northeastern Asia.

The Hohokams, Mogollon, and Anasazi peoples who lived in present-day Arizona and New Mexico around A.D. 1000 Select one: A. declined because of their failure to use irrigation. B. evolved into the Navajo tribe. C. declined because of soil exhaustion and a long drought after A.D. 1150. D. employed irrigation to grow four or five crops a year.

D. employed irrigation to grow four or five crops a year.

On the eve of European colonization of the Americans, most Western Europeans lived in Select one: A. booming new cities and towns. B. older cathedral cities. C. castles that dotted the countryside. D. small, relatively isolated rural communities.

D. small, relatively isolated rural communities.