Sociology chapter 7&8

Meritacity and its example

A system in which rewards are distributed based on merit. Ex: Anyone is able to achieve the award.

White Privileges is the idea that one group in society enjoys certain unarrent privileges and the group members are

Largely unaware of the unequal benefits they possess

Red-lining

refers to banks and mortgage lenders refusing mortgages to applicants from "high-risk" areas or offering loans at prohibitively higher rates.

The criteria used by a social class system to stratify its members include

Wealth(poverty), power and prestige

Racism

A set of beliefs about the claimed superiority of one racial or ethnic group; used to justify inequality and often rooted in the assumption that differences among groups are genetic

Situational ethnicity

An ethnic identity that can be either displayed or concealed depending on its usefulness in a given situation

Symbolic ethnicity

An ethnic identity that is relevant only on specific occasions and does not significantly affect everyday life

Prejudice

An idea about the characteristics of a group that is applied to all members of that group and is unlikely to change regardless of the evidence against it.

Absolute deprivation

An objective measure of poverty, defined by the inability to meet minimal standards for food, shelter, clothing, or health care.

Institutional discrimination example

Discrimination carried out systematically by institutions (political, economic, educational, and others) that affects all members of a group who come into contact with it.

In the U.S., hard work and dedication lift the majority of people out of poverty. T/F?

False

Warning to a lower class means that the individual is more likely to

Feel at risk of being harassed by law enforcement

Priest Ministers are advising moms and clergy are often prestigious members of their communities although they make very little money. Which social theorist first suggests that this is an important element of class status?

Max Weber

Intergenerational mobility

Movement between social classes that occurs from one generation to the next.

How do law enforcement policies make the poor less visible?

Moving the homeless out of high profile areas

Brazilians have many other racial categories including....., most of these terms do not have an equivalent in the U.S. What does this tell us?

Race is a social construct

ablo lives in the United States where most people assume that he is Arib until they learn his name and hear his accent. They are surprised when Pablo tells them that he's from Spain and identifies as white, not latino. Some people even tell Pablo that he isn't really white. What does this suggest about race?

Race is socially defined in the criteria used to determine a person's race varies

In the early 1900's, native born Americans usually pradestince, did not consider Irish, Italian, or Jewish immigrants to be white. What does this illustrate?

Social Construction of race

What does Paul Fussell's living room scale attempt to measure?

Social class

Plantation owners in early America often argue that inselade African Americans were better off because they did not have the mental capacity to run their own lives. Today, this seems both racist and idiotic. How could such racist beliefs flourish?

Such beliefs justify social arrangements between dominant and minority groups that benefit those who accept them

Members of the lower class exercise less often because

The lower classes do not have health problems that make exercise necessary

Cultural appropriation

The adoption of cultural elements belonging to an oppressed group by members of the dominant group, without permission and often for the dominant group's gain.

According to a study, black defendants on trial for murder in Pennsylvania were 40% more likely to receive the death penalty than whites convicted of similar crimes. This indicates that

The criminal justice system has a racial bias

Social stratification

The division of society into groups arranged in a social hierarchy.

According to the race to the conflict theory, the real source of racism is

The struggle between groups over power and control

Apartheid

The system of segregation of racial and ethnic groups that was legal in South Africa between 1948 and 1991.

person who is not prejudiced may still participate in discrimination. T/F?

True

Most Americans claim they are middle class. T/F

True, not white class

Social class system

Underclass, working poor, lower-middle class, middle class, upper-middle class, upper class

Texas has never had a hispanic governor and the percentage of hispanic Americans in the Texas state government is low. However, many Hispanic Americans live in Texas and in 2012, they made up 40% of the state's population. What sociologists in Texas call Hispanic Americans minority group in Texas.

Yes, because they are denied access to power and resources

Discrimination

•Unequal treatment of individuals based on their membership in a social group; usually motivated by prejudice.