CH. 1 Sapling HW

Which of the following are examples of hypotheses?

- A scientist predicts that birds will eat more white-bodied moths than black-bodied moths in a forest polluted with soot from factories - A scientist proposes that birds will eat more black-bodied moths than white-bodied moths in a forest unpolluted with soot.

Select all the domains of life.

- Archaea - Bacteria - Eukarya

What set of characteristics do living organisms such as birds, trees, and bacteria all have that distinguish them from nonliving things? Although viruses share many traits with other living organisms, some people do not consider them to be alive. For this question, you may disregard viruses. Place all the characteristics of living organisms in the answer box.

- composed of one or more cells - produce offspring of the same type as the parent - grow by adding more cells or enlarging cells - maintain their internal environment using energy - respond to their environment - have levels of internal organization

Which of the following are characteristics of a good hypothesis?

- is based on previous research in the field - is able to be tested using validated techniques

The study of biology can be understood through the organizational hierarchy of life. Each level of life builds upon the next level, and this increasing complexity is what leads from molecules up to an entire ecosystem. How is the cellular level different from the other levels of life?

A cell is a collection of molecules and reactions that form the basic of all living things

The study of biology can be understood through the organizational hierarchy of life. Each level of life builds upon the next level, and this increasing complexity is what leads from molecules up to an entire ecosystem. How is the community level different from the other levels of life?

A community is a collection of all the organisms living and potentially interacting in the same geographic area.

A student is asked to give a presentation on how a certain drug alleviates pain in dogs and cats. He is required to present background information on how the drug works and if he thinks it would be safe for other animals. Which of the following would be the best source for his research about the mechanism of the drug?

A peer-reviewed research article in a scientific journal

The study of biology can be understood through the organizational hierarchy of life. Each level of life builds upon the next level, and this increasing complexity is what leads from molecules up to an entire ecosystem. How is the population level different from the other levels of life?

A population is a group of interacting individuals from one species that inhabit the same geographic area.

The study of biology can be understood through the organizational hierarchy of life. Each level of life builds upon the next level, and this increasing complexity is what leads from molecules up to an entire ecosystem. How is the tissue level different from the other levels of life?

A tissue is a group of similar cells that work together to perform a function.

The study of biology can be understood through the organizational hierarchy of life. Each level of life build upon the next level, and this increasing complexity is what leads from molecules up to an entire ecosystem. How is the system level different from the other levels of life?

An organ system is a group of multiple organs that work together to perform virtual functions for the organism.

The study of biology can be understood through the organizational hierarchy of life. Each level of life builds upon the next level, and this increasing complexity is what leads from molecules up to an entire ecosystem. How is the organism level different from the other levels of life?

An organism is an individual living thing, such as bacterium, fungus, protist, plant, or animal.

Beginning with the first step, place the six actions of an experiment that uses the scientific method in order.

Beginning of Investigation - After observing a natural phenomenon, develop a question based on the observations. - Form a hypothesis that can answer the question about the natural phenomenon. - Design an experiment that tests the hypothesis. - Conduct the experiment and collect the resulting data. - Analyze the data collected in the experiment. - Allow others to see the results of the experiment. Final Step of Investigation

In a 50 square-mile section of forest, there are some cut patches of forest where the trees have been removed and some patches of forest that have been left uncut. Birds are nesting in both cut and uncut forest patches. Beginning with the first step, place the steps below in sequence for an investigation of the nesting birds using the scientific method.

First Step of Investigation - Observe birds nesting in cut patches and uncut patches of forest. - Hypothesize that more birds nest in cut forest patches. - Develop a plan for conducting nest counts in several similar-sized patches of cut and uncut forest. - Count the number of nests found and record the data. - Compare the data collected concerning nests from cut and uncut patches of forest. - Draw a conclusion about whether more birds nest in cut or uncut forest patches and share this with other scientists. End of Investigation

Sort the statements based on whether they describe a scientific hypothesis or a scientific theory.

Hypothesis: - A scientist poses a possible explanation for an observation that has not been tested yet. - Researchers notice that plants growing in iron-rich soil seem to tolerate cold quite well. They plan an experiment to see if iron in the soil improves cold tolerance in plants. - An ornithologist suspects that more young birds will survive in years when caterpillars are an abundant food source. Theory: - Scientists develop a well-tested and reliable explanation, based on numerous reliable studies. - Based on overwhelming evidence, researchers conclude that infectious disease is spread by mircoorganisms

Classify each example as inductive reasoning or deductive reasoning.

Inductive Reasoning: - A football team won all four games they played on Saturday nights this year, therefore the team will win all their games they play on Saturday nights. - All three of a couple's children have brown eyes, therefore any other children they have will have brown eyes. - Perch, salmon, and trout are all fish, and all have gills, therefore all fish have gills. Deductive Reasoning: - If all students in a science class passed the midterm test, and Carrie is in the science class, then Carrie passed the midterm test. - If all plants carry out photosynthesis, and an oak tree is a plant, then oak trees carry out photosynthesis. - If all human males have a Y chromosome, and Tyler is male, then Tyler has a Y chromosome.

Arrange the levels of organization in biological systems from largest scale to smallest scale.

Largest Scale - biosphere - ecosystem - community - population - organism Smallest Scale

A great variety of predictions and hypotheses can be tested using the methods of science. Even so, there are some questions that do not lend themselves to scientific testing. Sort the statements as predictions or hypotheses that are scientifically testable and those that cannot be tested scientifically.

Scientifically Testable: - Planting fields with several types of rice results in less disease and higher yields. - Taking vitamin C supplements every day will decrease the likelihood of catching a cold. - Meditating daily reduces the recurrence of depression in those who have had depression before. Cannot be Tested Scientifically: - Strawberries taste nicer and look better when the plants are watered every other day. - Selling a child into slavery is wrong even if doing so keeps the rest of the family from dying of starvation. - A person's soul is separate from his or her body and the soul will continue to exist even after the person dies.

Rank the levels of body organization from the simplest (less organization) to the most complex (more organization).

Simplest - atom - molecule - cell - tissue - organ - organ system - organism Most Complex