Ch. 1
Which choice is a false statement about hypotheses? a) A hypothesis should be used to predict the outcome of an experiment. b) The more results from experiments that match the results predicted by the hypothesis, the less valid the hypothesis is. c) If an experiment produces results inconsistent with the predictions, the hypothesis must be rejected. d) A successful scientific hypothesis needs to be valid and useful.
b) The more results from experiments that match the results predicted by the hypothesis, the less valid the hypothesis is.
Which example describes a theory? a) a proposed explanation for a phenomenon that cannot be tested for supporting or falsifying evidence b) a defined set of steps by which scientists investigate a natural phenomenon or group of observations to accurately explain how the natural world works c) an established explanation for a phenomenon or group of observations that is testable and is well‑supported by evidence d) a falsifiable suggested explanation for a particular phenomenon or set of observations
c) an established explanation for a phenomenon or group of observations that is testable and is well‑supported by evidence
Which statement is evidence to support a hypothesis? a) it is logical b) lots of people agree with it c) data d) all of these statements support a hypothesis
c) data
Use the following information for the question below: You conduct a clinical trial to test whether a new drug relieves the symptoms of arthritis better than a placebo. You have four groups of participants, all of whom have moderately painful arthritis (rated 7 on a scale of 1 to 10). Each group receives a daily pill as follows: group 1-placebo; group 2—15 mg; group 3—25 mg; group 4—50 mg. At the end of two weeks, participants in each group are asked to rate their pain on a scale of 1 to 10. Based on the process of science, what is the experimental variable? a) the different drug treatment groups b) the level of pain experienced c) the drug itself d) the amount of pain experienced at the end of the experiment by the different drug treatment groups f) the degree to which symptoms changed
c) the drug itself
What is meant by a statistically significant result? a) The result of an experiment shows no difference between the groups tested. b) The experiment that produced the results was successful. c) The result of an experiment could not have occurred due to random chance. d) The result of an experiment is unlikely to have occurred due to random chance. e) The result of an experiment is likely to have occurred due to random chance.
d) The result of an experiment is unlikely to have occurred due to random chance.
In a controlled experiment, which group receives the placebo? a) the control group b) the experimental group c) the independent group d) all groups e) the dependent group
a) the control group
Which example describes a hypothesis? a) a proposed explanation for a phenomenon that cannot be tested for supporting evidence or falsified b) a process by which scientists investigate a natural phenomenon or group of observations to accurately explain how the natural world works c) an established explanation for a phenomenon or group of observations that is testable and is well‑supported by evidence d) a falsifiable suggested explanation for a particular phenomenon or set of observations
d) a falsifiable suggested explanation for a particular phenomenon or set of observations
Of the following, which is the first step in the scientific process? a) drawing a conclusion b) conducting an experiment c) using a process intended to reduce personal bias. d) developing questions based on observations e) analyzing data
d) developing questions based on observations
In the studies of cell phone use and cancer discussed, the independent variable is _____ and the dependent variable is _____. a) type of cancer; brand of cell phone b) decaffeinated coffee; caffeinated coffee c) cancer rates; cell phone use d) brand of cell phone used; duration of cell phone use e) cell phone use; cancer rates
e) cell phone use; cancer rates
