Ch. 10 sociology; Race, Ethnicity, and Racism
Emigration
the process by which people leave a country to settle in another
color consciousness
the process of how Whites, in response to their role in perpetuating racial discrimination for racial minorities, focus predominantly on racial differences
legal resident
all persons who were granted lawful permanent residence
scapegoat
individuals or groups blamed for wrongs that were not of their doing.
Pluralism
Ethnic groups exist separately and participate in economic and political life.
Multiculuralism
Ethnic groups exist separately and share equally in economic and political life.
illegal model of migration
Immigrants enter a country secretly or under pretense and live outside the realm of official society, e.g; many Mexicans and Chinese in the U.S
classic model of migration
Immigration has been largely encouraged and the promise of citizenship has been extended to newcomers, e.g; Canada and the United States
Melting Pot
The different cultures and outlooks of the ethnic groups in a society merged together.
Segregation
The practice of keeping racial and ethnic groups physically separate, thereby maintaining the superior position of the dominate group.
Genocide
The systematic, planned destruction of a racial, political, or cultural group.
Ethnocentrism
a suspicion of outsiders combined with a tendency to evaluate the cultures of others in terms of one's own culture.
Microaggressions
common, everyday verbal or behavioral indignities and slights that communicate hostile, derogatory, and negative messages about someone's race, gender, sexual orientation, or religion
Diasporas
dispersal of an ethnic population from their homeland into foreign areas, often by force.
Colonial model of migration
favors immigrants from former colonies over those from other countries. e.g; England and West Indies and France and Africa
Guest worker model of migration
immigrants are admitted into a country temporarily to fulfill labor demands, but do not receive citizenship rights. e.g; Germany and the U.S.
Displacement
in which feelings of hostility or anger become directed against objects that are not the real origin of those anxieties.
Interpersonal Racism
includes blatant bigotry, but is also complicated by seemingly benign instances of color blind racism and micro-aggressions.
Assimilation
new immigrant groups take over the attitudes and languages of the dominant community.
Racism
prejudice based on socially significant physical distinctions, such as skin tone or hair texture.
group closure
process whereby groups maintain boundaries separating themselves from others.
institutional racism
propose that racism is entrenched in societal structures and pervades all of society in a systematic way.
color-blind racism
racism without racists; says that racism is in the past; don't see color, only people.
Discrimination
refers to actual behavior that denies members of a particular group resources or rewards that others can obtain.
prejudice
refers to opinions or attitudes positive or negative held by members of one group toward another.
Race
refers to physical characteristics, such as skin color, that are treated by members of a community or society as socially significant; as signing cultural characteristics.
undocumented alien
someone living in a country without authorization from the government
Racialization
the formation of a new racial identity by drawing ideological boundaries of difference around a formerly unnoticed group of people
Immigration
the movement of people into a country to settle.
