Ch. 10 sociology; Race, Ethnicity, and Racism

Emigration

the process by which people leave a country to settle in another

color consciousness

the process of how Whites, in response to their role in perpetuating racial discrimination for racial minorities, focus predominantly on racial differences

legal resident

all persons who were granted lawful permanent residence

scapegoat

individuals or groups blamed for wrongs that were not of their doing.

Pluralism

Ethnic groups exist separately and participate in economic and political life.

Multiculuralism

Ethnic groups exist separately and share equally in economic and political life.

illegal model of migration

Immigrants enter a country secretly or under pretense and live outside the realm of official society, e.g; many Mexicans and Chinese in the U.S

classic model of migration

Immigration has been largely encouraged and the promise of citizenship has been extended to newcomers, e.g; Canada and the United States

Melting Pot

The different cultures and outlooks of the ethnic groups in a society merged together.

Segregation

The practice of keeping racial and ethnic groups physically separate, thereby maintaining the superior position of the dominate group.

Genocide

The systematic, planned destruction of a racial, political, or cultural group.

Ethnocentrism

a suspicion of outsiders combined with a tendency to evaluate the cultures of others in terms of one's own culture.

Microaggressions

common, everyday verbal or behavioral indignities and slights that communicate hostile, derogatory, and negative messages about someone's race, gender, sexual orientation, or religion

Diasporas

dispersal of an ethnic population from their homeland into foreign areas, often by force.

Colonial model of migration

favors immigrants from former colonies over those from other countries. e.g; England and West Indies and France and Africa

Guest worker model of migration

immigrants are admitted into a country temporarily to fulfill labor demands, but do not receive citizenship rights. e.g; Germany and the U.S.

Displacement

in which feelings of hostility or anger become directed against objects that are not the real origin of those anxieties.

Interpersonal Racism

includes blatant bigotry, but is also complicated by seemingly benign instances of color blind racism and micro-aggressions.

Assimilation

new immigrant groups take over the attitudes and languages of the dominant community.

Racism

prejudice based on socially significant physical distinctions, such as skin tone or hair texture.

group closure

process whereby groups maintain boundaries separating themselves from others.

institutional racism

propose that racism is entrenched in societal structures and pervades all of society in a systematic way.

color-blind racism

racism without racists; says that racism is in the past; don't see color, only people.

Discrimination

refers to actual behavior that denies members of a particular group resources or rewards that others can obtain.

prejudice

refers to opinions or attitudes positive or negative held by members of one group toward another.

Race

refers to physical characteristics, such as skin color, that are treated by members of a community or society as socially significant; as signing cultural characteristics.

undocumented alien

someone living in a country without authorization from the government

Racialization

the formation of a new racial identity by drawing ideological boundaries of difference around a formerly unnoticed group of people

Immigration

the movement of people into a country to settle.