Ch. 11

What happened to the tax revenue in cities in the first few months of coronavirus pandemic?

It fell.

How did the increased use of cars effect the density-distance curve?

It flattened the curve.

Once a city is established as a capital or governmental center, what typically happens to its population?

It grows substantially.

Which of the following are characteristics of Western European cities?

Most residents live in apartments. Relatively low skyline Compact and pedestrian-friendly

What urban form is shown in this image?

Multiple-nuclei

What type of urban land use pattern is shown here?

Peripheral

cities, such as Brasilia in Brazil, are those that are conceived of and then built on previously undeveloped land. (Enter only one word per blank.)

Planned

Which of these was not the basis for early urban settlement?

Poor or limited farmland

The functions listed here are for cites. Which of these do towns always fulfill? (Select two.)

Providing general services for the surrounding area Transport services

What role is depicted here in terms of urban structure for Guanajuato, Mexico?

Religious center

Which of these are examples of nonbasic sector employment? (Select all that apply.)

Restaurant owner Car wash operator Firefighter

Besides industrialization, what factor has been important in the growth of urban populations in developing countries?

Rural-to-urban migration

What type of urban form is shown in this image?

Sector

What factors contributed to the rise of cities in the ancient world? (Select all that apply.)

Social Organization and power An agricultural surplus Development of a more complex economy

is the trend of people moving away from the urban core to where home prices are lower. (Enter only one word per blank.)

Suburbanization

What are the three main functions of cities? (Select all that apply.)

Transport services Special functions for locations outside the surrounding area Providing general services for the surrounding area

True or false: The number of people employed in government services is usually proportional to the size of the urban population.

True

areas are nucleated, nonagricultural settlements. (Enter only one word per blank.)

Urban

Select effects of the coronavirus pandemic and related shutdown had on cities. (Select all that apply.)

Water pollution fell. Air pollution fell.

Cities that are compact, have most residents in apartments, have narrow streets, and houses that rarely have large yards or gardens are most likely to be found in ______.

Western Europe

cities are those that are considered to be "control and command" centers of the global economy. (Enter only one word per blank.)

World

Which groups of people are fueling the growth in inner-city population? (Select all that apply.)

Young professionals "Empty nesters" New immigrants

Which of the following are examples of institutional controls on urban form?

Zoning laws Public parks Health and safety codes

The of an urban area's economic structure is made up of the activities of people that bring in money from outside the community. (Enter only one word per blank.)

basic sector

forms the core of a city and is characterized by intensive, high-density utilization, often in the form of skyscrapers. (Enter only one word per blank.)

central business district

is the part of the urban area contained within the suburban fringe. (Enter only one word per blank.)

central city

The term is used for a larger nucleated, complex, multifunctional urban area with a central business district and both residential and nonresidential land uses. (Enter only one word per blank.)

city

Many cities in developing countries are the products of , established as ports or outposts of administration, built by Europeans on a Western model. (Enter only one word per blank.)

colonialism

The Ernest Burgess ______ depicts five rings of different land use radiating out from the central business district.

concentric zone model

With increasing distance from the city center, the average age of the head of household typically

declines

The fastest-growing cities and urban populations are found in the

developing

The decreased influence a city has on areas farther away from it is an example of the concept of ______.

distance decay

The slowest growth in large cities has taken place in the ______ United States.

eastern

The activities people do to support the urban population, such as manufacturing, retail, or education, form the of an urban area. (Enter only one word per blank.)

economic base

Urban centers must be ______.

efficiently located

Spatial patterns determined by ______ most closely resemble the multiple-nuclei urban land use model.

ethnicity

Displacement of low-income, frequently minority families by middle- and high-income professionals is one negative side effect of ______.

gentrification

Institutional and ______ controls have a strong influence of land use patterns in cities.

government

Land use patterns in capital cites tend to reflect the centralization of

government

Manufacturing during the Industrial Revolution has been tied to the ______.

growth in urban areas

The social status of an individual or a family is determined by ______. (Select all that apply.)

home value occupation education

As a settlement grows in size, the number of nonbasic workers ______ the number of new basic workers.

increases faster than

Rapid urbanization in Western Europe and the United States was spurred by ______.

industrialization

The goals of communist governments when planning cities were to _____. (Select all that apply.)

limit city size and avoid sprawl segregate land uses create neighborhood equality and self-sufficiency

Older cities commonly have a densely built-up core forming the center for businesses. This pattern arose during a time when the dominant form of transport in those cities was ______.

mass transit

Suburban areas can expand to the point where multiple metropolitan areas coalesce, forming a continuous built-up region, often called a(n)

megalopolis

A(n) ______ is a large-scale functional entity discontinuously built up but operating as an integrated economic whole.

metropolitan area

The ______ states that large cities develop by the spread of several peripheral nodes, not just from the central business district.

multiple-nuclei model

effect describes the way that every new basic sector job creates additional nonbasic jobs. (Enter only one word per blank.)

multiplier

The economic base of an urban area can be divided into ______ and ______ sectors.

nonbasic basic

of a city's economy is made up of activities that move money within the city. (Enter only one word per blank.)

nonbasic sector

A good housing indicator of social status is ______.

number of people per room

The ______ acknowledges the impact of automobiles on city land use patterns. It proposes a circumferential highway outside the center city around which residential areas and business nodes form.

peripheral model

Due to the effect of competitive bidding for land, both ______ and ______ decrease with distance from the central business district of a city.

population density; land value

In many developing countries, the population is disproportionately concentrated in a single

primate

city is one that is far more than twice the size of the second-ranked city. (Enter only one word per blank.)

primate

A country that has one very large city, few or no intermediate-size cities, and many smaller settlements is said to display a ______.

primate city hierarchy

According to the - rule, the third largest city in a region will be one third the size of the largest. (Enter only one word per blank.)

rank size

Much of the urban population growth in developing countries is fueled by ______.

rural flight

Patterns of social status divisions typically resemble the ______ model of urban land use.

sector

The ______ model proposes that high-rent residential areas expand outward from the city center along major transportation routes.

sector

The recent trend of the decline of the city center as people move outward into suburbs can be explained by ______. (Select all that apply.)

shorter workweeks widespread homeownership new roads and transportation flexibility

The term refers to the absolute location of a settlement. The term places a settlement in relation to the physical and cultural characteristics of the surrounding areas. (Enter only one word per blank.)

site situation

This map shows both the of Chicago on the shore of Lake Michigan and its near the northern boundary of the corn belt. (Enter only one word per blank.)

site situation

Many of the new arrivals in developing country cities live in _______.

squatter settlements

When the demand for the goods and services of a city falls, the demand for labor also falls and the population of that city typically ______.

stagnant or declines

A ______ is a functionally specialized, subsidiary segment of a large urban complex that can be residential, industrial, or commercial in nature.

suburb

Urban sprawl, including residential areas, industrial parks, and shopping centers, is a consequence of ______.

suburbanization

When considering urban hierarchies, it is seen that urban centers of the same size ______.

tend not to serve one another except in the case of specialized services

Suburbanization has led to a redistribution of jobs and population, resulting in ______.

the decline of the central city

For urban centers to succeed, they must be efficiently located. Efficiency can be derived from ______. (Select all that apply.)

the physical characteristics of a city's site a location close to resources and transportation networks centrality to the area an urban center serves

The tendency for city residents to segregate themselves into groups on the basis of things such as income and stage in life is fostered by ______.

the size and availability of housing

According to Walter Christaller's central place theory, ______. (Select all that apply.)

there will be more small towns than there will be big towns larger towns will be spaced farther apart from one another than smaller towns the sphere of influence of a settlement is proportional to its size

, while smaller than a city, still has a nuclear business concentration. (Enter only one word per blank.)

town

is a ranking of cities based on their size and functional complexity. (Enter only one word per blank.)

urban hierarchy

zone is the area outside of a city that is affected by it. (Enter only one word per blank.)

urban influence

Shorter work weeks, new roads, and new transportation systems have all opened up new acreages to ______.

urban development

A(n) ______ is a continuously built-up landscape defined by building and population densities with no reference to political boundaries.

urbanized area

The fastest growth in large cities is mostly taking place in the ______ United States.

western

Match the zones of increasing distance from the CBD (central business district) with the types of land use. The CBD is located in the upper left corner of this diagram. Instructions

A=Residential B=Commercial C=Agricultural D=Intensive residential

Which of these are the major variables responsible for shaping internal land use patterns in cities? (Select all that apply.)

Accessibility Competitive market in land Transportation technologies available

Which of these patterns most closely illustrates the pattern of population associated with family status?

B

Which of the following is not an example of a developing world city that was initially founded by colonialism?

Brasilia, Brazil

Which of these images represents the population pattern associated with ethnicity?

C

What is the name of the theory developed by Walter Christaller to explain the size and location of settlements?

Central place theory

Which three features are common to many cities in developing countries?

Colonial legacy Squatter settlements Inadequate facilities for large populations

This image shows what type of urban form?

Concentric zone

Which of the following are examples of basic sector workers? (Select all that apply.)

Credit card call center employees Dock workers Car assembly line workers

True or false: The term urban is used to describe large towns and cities but not smaller settlements or suburbs.

False

In larger cities, people tend to group according to which three factors? (Select all that apply.)

Family status Social status Ethnic characteristics

Match the names for squatter settlements with the countries they are associated with. Instructions

Favela=Brazil Kampung=Indonesia Barrio=Mexico Katchiabadi=Pakistan

What industries have been part of the growth of the new urban core thanks to advancements in digital technologies? (Select all that apply.)

Health care Finance Corporate management

Which of the following are characteristics of Eastern European cities?

High building and population densities Large central square ringed by government buildings Almost universal apartment dwelling Sharp break between urban and rural land uses

Which of the following is true about transportation technologies and patterns of land use?

The type of transportation technology of the time heavily influences land use patterns.

According to the rank-size rule, if the largest city in a region has a population of 8 million, what would the population of the fifth-largest city in this region be?

1.6 million

Which of these diagrams shows the population pattern associated with social status?

A

Which of these are features of automobile-based cities? (Select all that apply.)

Development along highway corridors Urban sprawl Multiple business districts

Which of these are reasons for the creation of a planned city? (Select all that apply.)

Draw people away from overgrown metropolises Encourage more-uniform national development House new industrial centers

are large nodes of office and commercial buildings outside traditional downtowns in what had previously been residential or rural areas. (Enter only one word per blank.)

Edge cities

What are the two dominant world cities?

London New York

Why does the migration of people from the central city to the suburbs lead to a decline of the central city? (Select all that apply.)

Loss of tax revenue to the suburbs Loss of business to the suburbs Concentration of poorer residents in the central city

______ has served an important element of basic sector activity for most cities, bringing in money from other places through export of goods.

Manufacturing

Falling demand for goods and services has caused a decrease or near stagnation in the population of what areas of the United States between 2010 and 2017? (Select all that apply.)

The Midwest The Northeast

Which of the following is true about the world's human population?

The population is growing fastest in cities.

Examine this figure and select which of the statements below are correct. (Select all that apply.)

The proportion of people living in cities has grown at a faster rate than world population. World population is growing. There has been a population transfer from rural to urban locations.

What is believed to be a major factor in the recent trend of urban renewal in the core of many cities?

The rise of digital communications technology