Ch 12

strategies to effectively prevent group think

1. seeking outside opinions on group decisions 2.

romantic

Diane and Bruce share their intimate thoughts and emotions and are physically attracted to each other, but their love does not contain any expectations beyond that. Their love is called ________

Asch

Henry is juror number four in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only one that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of the ________ effect.

an example of a self-serving bias

Leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an exceptionally hard working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade he received in his sociology class on having a bad teacher who gave hard exams.

fundamental attribution error.

The tendency to overestimate dispositional/internal factors and underestimate situational/external factors in the explanation of behavior is referred to as the

example of the self-serving bias.

When you ace a test and make a dispositional attribution for your performance ("I am smart") instead of a situational one ("the test was easy").

ageist

Billie is a(n) ________ because he believes people over age 65 should have their driver's license suspended, the elderly use up important social resources, and they occupy jobs that should belong to younger, more capable people.

stereotypes

Fatima generalizes that all men are irresponsible players, cheaters, and liars. When it comes to men, Fatima may be applying ________: negative beliefs about individuals based solely on their membership in a group.

diffusion of responsibility

Suppose you are walking down a street. A woman has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of ________.

groupthink

modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus

cognitive dissonance

psychological discomfort arising from holding two or more inconsistent attitudes, behaviors, or cognitions (thoughts, beliefs, or opinions).

an example of the self-fulfilling prophecy

telling someone with dyslexia she cannot learn to read, leading her to become illiterate even though she could learn to read with a bit of extra effort

conformity

the change in a person's behavior to go along with the group, even if he does not agree with the group.

foot-in-the-door

type of persuasion that involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item

factors that increase conformity

the size of the majority, the presence of another dissenter, and the public or relatively private nature of responses are key influences on conformity

What was the purpose of Milgram's study?

this experiment was meant to show the degree to which people obey authority. Two out of three (65%) participants continued to administer shocks to an unresponsive learner.