CH 12 Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

According to the U.S. government's National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), in 2016, what percentage of the population used an illicit drug in the preceding 30 days?

11%

Which of the following describe the effects of psilocybin?

Alterations in motor reflexes & Difficulty differentiating fantasy from reality

True or false: Researchers have identified a specific gene that is responsible for the development of alcohol-related disorders

False

An acute and potentially reversible condition involving delirium, eye movement disturbances, difficulties in movement and balance, and deterioration of the peripheral nerves to the hands and feet because of a thiamine deficiency caused by chronic alcohol use is

Wernicke's disease

Which of the following are true of Wernicke's disease?

It is associated with long-term alcohol consumption. It is potentially reversible. It involves delirium. It is the result of a thiamine deficiency.

Which of the following best describe psilocybin?

It is derived from mushrooms & It has hallucinogenic properties

Which of the following apply to peyote?

Its long-term effects are unknown. It is used in Mexican religious ceremonies. Its active ingredient is mescaline

True or false: There is considerable research that supports the importance of genetics in the development of serious substance problems

True

The type of drug that might be in a diet pill in which nervous system activity is increased is most likely a(n)

amphetamine

Each of the following are examples of inhalants except

anxiolytics

Clinicians who design interventions for people with alcohol use disorders begin by

assessing the alcohol use patterns of their clients

Naltexone reduces alcohol consumption by

blocking the effects of the body's production of alcohol-induced opioids

_____ is a highly addictive central nervous system stimulant that a person snorts, injects, or smokes

cocaine

The sociocultural model that connects genetic predisposition to environmental stressors is call the _______ model

diathesis-stress

According to _____-process theory of alcohol use disorder, there is a cognitive system involving automatic impulses and a cognitive system that could regulate such impulses

dual

About what percent of adults over the age of 65 binge drink?

10%

What age group has the highest rates of binge drinking?

18 - 25

Twin, family, and adoption studies point to the importance of genetic factors as contributors to alcohol-related disorders, with an estimated heritability of

50 to 60 percent

A commonly used assessment for alcohol use disorders is the ______

AUDIT

Olga has been taking drugs that affect both her central nervous system and autonomic nervous system. When she takes these drugs, she becomes hostile, violent, and paranoid, and her blood pressure increases. Which of the following is she most likely taking?

Amphetamines

Which of the following best describes the result of the category of drugs referred to as stimulants?

An activating effect on the nervous system

Which of the following models is most useful for understanding substance use disorder and approaches to treatment?

Biopsychosocial

Which of the following contain nicotine?

Chewing tobacco Cigarettes Pipe tobacco

Which of the following medications is used in aversion therapy in which a person experiences unpleasant physical reactions after consuming alcohol while taking the medication?

Disulfiram

Which of the following describe the effects of cocaine?

Euphoria & Mental alertness

Which of the following did the DSM-5 authors consider but not include based on the current research?

Exercise addiction Shopping addiction Sex addiction

Ken feels compelled to bet on horses and is at the race track whenever there are races. Ken has lost a lot of money, but he knows he can win it back with just one lucky break. He does not tell his wife how much he has actually lost. Ken would likely be diagnosed with which of the following?

Gambling disorder

Which of the following are opioids?

Hydrocodone Percocet OxyContin

hypnotics...

Induce sleep

_____ are a diverse group of substances that cause psychoactive effects by producing chemical vapors. They are not in and of themselves harmful and are often found in the home and workplace

Inhalants

Which of the following best describes the action of caffeine in the body?

It activates the sympathetic nervous system through increasing the production of adrenaline

Which of the following best describes the pharmacological effects of disulfiram?

It blocks the action of an enzyme that normally breaks down acetaldehyde, a toxic product involved in ethanol metabolism

Which of the following is correct in regard to phencyclidine?

It can be smoked or snorted

Which of the following are true of MDMA?

It is a hallucinogen. Its popular street name is ecstasy.

Ethan takes some tablets his roommate gives him and immediately there is a dramatic change in his sensations. He believes that numbers have their own special flavor, and he says he is able to see sounds. The drug in the tablets is most likely ______

LSD

Which of the following produces an altered sense of time and self, may result in synesthesia, and may involve terrifying feelings of panic, losing control, going insane, or dying?

LSD

Which of the following are unique features of gambling disorder?

Lying about financial losses Committing crimes to support gambling habits Seeking financial bailouts

What is a mix of flowers, stems, and leaves from the hemp plant?

Marijuana

Which of the following is the most commonly used illicit drug?

Marijuana

Which of the following medications is designed to prevent relapse among those with alcohol use disorder

Naltrexone

Which of the following disorders often coincide with gambling disorder?

Nicotine dependence Mood disorder Anxiety disorder

Which of the following is a substance that relieves pain?

Opioid

Which of the following is a small, spineless cactus whose principal active ingredient is mescaline?

Peyote

sedatives...

Produce a soothing or calming effect

Why is Internet gaming disorder not a diagnosis in the DSM-5?

Research on the disorder is not fully developed

Which of the following are adverse effects of PCP?

Schizophrenia-like symptoms & Memory loss

What is the basic idea behind dual-process theory?

The more people can inhibit automatic impulses, the less likely they are to drink excessive amounts

anxiolytics...

Treat anxiety

Which of the following are medicinal uses of synthetic THC?

Treating glaucoma Treating asthma Reducing nausea in cancer patients

Which of the following describes physiological and psychological changes that a person goes through when they discontinue using a drug?

Withdrawal

As people consume greater amounts of alcohol, they become more likely to make risky choices based on the rewards of the moment rather than considering longer-term consequences.This is best described as

alcohol myopia theory

The _____ model is a useful one for understanding substance dependence and approaches to treatment because it incorporates genetics, developmental issues, and sociocultural factors

biopsychosocial

Research suggests possible genetic abnormalities in the opioid receptor on _______ that may be involved in alcohol and other substance disorders

chromosome 1

Sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics all act as central nervous system _____

depressants

Alcohol is a(n)

depressant

The chemical named MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is known on the street as _____

ecstasy

From a behavioral perspective, gambling disorder may develop because

gambling offers a pattern of reinforcement and rewards

In families from lower socioeconomic levels, _______ seemed to play a larger role than _______ in the level of alcohol use

genetics/the environment

A(n) _____ is a drug that causes people to experience profound distortions in their perception of reality

hallucinogen

A condition called _______ consists of flashbacks or spontaneous hallucinations, delusions, or disturbances in mood similar to the changes that took place while the person was intoxicated with the drug

hallucinogen persisting perception disorder

Alcohol _____ theory states that as people consume greater amounts of alcohol, they are more likely to make risky choices because the immediate temptation of the moment overcomes the possible long-term consequences

myopia

The psychoactive ingredient in cigarettes is _____

nicotine

The term _____ describes the effect that occurs when alcohol is combined with other drugs and the effects of the drugs taken together are greater than the effect of either substance taken alone

potentiation

Mood and anxiety disorders are most likely to ______ the onset of gambling disorder

precede

A _____ is a category of drug that includes substances that have an activating effect on the nervous system

stimulant

Caffeine is a(n) _____ found in coffee, tea, chocolate, energy drinks, diet pills, and headache remedies

stimulant

From the behavioral perspective, gambling disorder may develop due to a _______ schedule of reinforcement

variable-ratio

Bart was a heavy drinker of alcohol but one day decided to just stop completely. He immediately began to have severe physiological and psychological symptoms, including anxiety and shakiness.. Bart is most likely displaying substance _____

withdrawal