ch 13

c. A philosophy is a set of broad beliefs about the nature of how things work and how to view the world.

A broad, general view of nursing that clarifies values and answers broad disciplinary questions for nursing is known as a a. Conceptual model b. Metaparadigm c. Philosophy d. Theory

a. A person and the environment are sources of stimuli that require modification to promote adaptation in the person. The person is an adaptive system with physiologic, self-concept, role function, and interdependent modes.

A client who had a broken neck in an automobile accident and was paralyzed, but eventually went back to college, obtained a law degree, and became a practicing lawyer could be said to be demonstrating a. Adaptation b. Caring c. Self-care d. Homeostasis

d. A theory is a group of related concepts, definitions, and statements that propose a view of phenomena to describe, explain, or predict outcomes.

A group of concepts and propositions that describe linkages between the concepts is a a. Conceptual model b. Metaparadigm c. Philosophy d. Theory

d. At the doctoral level, nurses are concerned about the nature of knowledge and how it is known. It is through nursing research that new, discipline-specific knowledge is generated.

A nurse conducts theory testing and theory development research to develop nursing science. This nurse is prepared at which level of nursing education? a. Associate degree b. Baccalaureate degree c. Master's degree d. Doctoral degree

b. The baccalaureate nurse is introduced to the research process and the use of theory to guide research. These nurses are informed consumers of research relevant to evidence-based nursing practice.

A nurse has been introduced to theory as a guide to research and practice. This nurse is prepared at which level of nursing education? a. Associate degree b. Baccalaureate degree c. Master's degree d. Doctoral degree

c. Master's-prepared nurses use theoretical perspectives focused on the patient for specific nursing outcomes. They may use theory to frame patient care and guide research with practice questions.

A nurse uses a theoretical perspective to frame her practice and guide research with practice questions. This nurse is prepared at which level of education? a. Associate degree b. Baccalaureate degree c. Master's degree d. Doctoral degree

a. A conceptual model is a broadly defined concept in an organized system to provide a focus for the integration and interpretation of information.

A specific organizational structure that makes clear connections between concepts is a a. Conceptual model b. Metaparadigm c. Philosophy d. Theory

b. Nightingale's philosophy was sensitive to the effect of the environment on the patient's health and recovery.

An overriding principle of Nightingale's writings on nursing dealt with which aspect of nursing? a. The relationship between nurses, physicians, and society b. The relationship between patients, health, and environment c. The relationship between illness and health practices d. The relationship between hospitals, nurses, and patients

a. Nursing care is focused on culture care preservation.

Leininger's theory uses the sunrise model. What is the major premise of Leininger's theory? a. Nursing care should be culturally congruent. b. Nursing care is based on personal, interpersonal, and social systems. c. Nursing care is a deliberate action based on observation. d. Nursing care is only possible after scientific evaluation.

d. Roy focused on the individual as a biopsychosocial adaptive system and described nursing as a humanistic discipline that emphasized the person's adaptive abilities.

Mr. Hemme had a significant blood loss in surgery and now has a low hemoglobin level. He complains of fatigue. The nurse intervenes to facilitate adaptation by establishing periods of rest and scheduling activities throughout the day. The nurse could be basing her care on the conceptual model of a. Dorothy Johnson b. Imogene King c. Dorothea Orem d. Callista Roy

d. Most of the nursing theories developed after 1960.

Nursing theory can be traced back to Florence Nightingale, but most nursing theories were developed during which time period? a. Late nineteenth century (1880-1900) b. Early twentieth century (1900-1920) c. Middle of the twentieth century (1945-1960) d. Late twentieth century (1960-1999)

d. Nursing theory does not replace the need for critical thinking.

Nursing theory provides a foundation for theory-based practice and curriculum development. Which of the following is incorrect about nursing theory? a. Nursing theory helps nurses explain their practice to members of other disciplines. b. Nursing theory helps transmit knowledge to new professional nurses. c. Nursing theory contributes to professional autonomy, an important characteristic of all professions. d. Nursing theory provides most of the answers to patient care dilemmas, thus replacing the need for critical thinking to solve individual patient problems.

c. Peplau's theory focuses on the therapeutic relationship between the nurse and patient. The nurse's role is one of six that may change with the situation or practice setting.

Peplau's theory focuses on the therapeutic relationship as the key to successful nursing intervention. Which of the following is correct about Peplau's theory? a. It is a grand theory that demonstrated that defining nursing was more important than application to practice. b. Her theory developed from her work with oncology patients. c. The theory described six key nursing roles that are flexibly used, depending on the practice setting. d. Her theory described nursing roles as mother, technician, salesman, scholar, and advocate.

b. Nightingale believed that the health of patients was related to their environment. She recognized the importance of clean air and water, adequate ventilation and sunlight, a balanced diet, and cleanliness.

The nurse adjusts the patient's room to allow the patient to see the sunlight out the window. She also checks the diet tray to ensure a balanced diet. The nurse could be basing her care on the philosophy of a. Virginia Henderson b. Florence Nightingale c. Callista Roy d. Jean Watson

a. Henderson identified 14 basic needs as a general focus for patient care. She proposed that these needs shaped the fundamental elements of nursing care. One of these needs is to keep the body clean, and the nurse is assisting the patient to meet this need because the patient is unable to perform the function for himself.

The nurse assists the patient with the bath in the morning because the patient has a cast on one hand and an IV in the other. The nurse could be basing her care on the philosophy of a. Virginia Henderson b. Florence Nightingale c. Callista Roy d. Jean Watson

b. Peplau focused on what happens between the nurse and patient in a therapeutic relationship. It is through the relationship that the patient is helped to deal with health issues.

The nurse has established a relationship with a patient in whom asthma was recently diagnosed. Through their interactions, the nurse helps the patient understand the mechanism of asthma and develop the skills to use a spacer with the inhaler. The nurse could be basing her care on the theory of a. Madeleine Leininger b. Hildegard Peplau c. Ida Orlando d. Betty Neuman

c. Orem's model focuses on the patient's self-care capacities and the process of designing nursing actions to meet the patient's self-care needs. The nurse prescribes and regulates the nursing system on the basis of the patient's self-care deficit, which is the extent to which the patient is incapable of providing effective self-care.

The nurse is caring for Mr. Selfcart postoperatively. He is unable to feed himself and complete basic activities of daily living. The nurse does catheter care and changes the surgical dressing, as well as assisting with feeding and hygiene. The nurse could be basing her care on the conceptual model of a. Dorothy Johnson b. Imogene King c. Dorothea Orem d. Callista Roy

a. Leininger encourages nurses to use creativity to discover cultural aspects of human needs and use these findings to make culturally congruent therapeutic decisions.

The nurse is caring for a young Hispanic boy after surgery. He hesitates when she asks him to make selections for the menu. When his parents return, the nurse asks them what foods are eaten when one is ill. The nurse could be basing her care on the theory of a. Madeleine Leininger b. Betty Neuman c. Ida Orlando d. Hildegard Peplau

c. Orlando's theory proposed how nurses process their observations of patient behavior and how they react to patients on the basis of inferences from patients' behavior.

The nurse observes a patient pacing in his room. The patient expresses concern about how long he needs to remain in the hospital and that his recuperation will result in lost wages and economic problems. The nurse infers that he is anxious, which he confirms. The nurse could be basing her care on the theory of a. Madeleine Leininger b. Betty Neuman c. Ida Orlando d. Hildegard Peplau

b. King focuses on goal attainment for and by the patient. King's interacting systems form a framework to view whole persons in their family and social contexts.

The nurse practitioner caring for Ms. Golman thinks that Ms. Golman could gain better control of her diabetes if she lost weight. After assessing the perception of weight loss, role and stresses, and support systems, the nurse and patient established the goal of losing 5 pounds in a month. The nurse could be basing her care on the conceptual model of a. Dorothy Johnson b. Imogene King c. Dorothea Orem d. Callista Roy

d. Watson's carative factors guide nurses who use transpersonal caring in practice. She believes that nurses have the responsibility for creating and maintaining an environment supporting human caring while recognizing and providing for patients' primary human requirements.

The nurse teaches the patient how to administer insulin. Before this the nurse and patient had developed a trusting relationship over several days, which included sharing feelings about having to take daily medication. The patient expressed confidence in the care provided by the nurse. The nurse could be basing her care on the philosophy of a. Virginia Henderson b. Florence Nightingale c. Callista Roy d. Jean Watson

b. Henderson's theory of nursing described the nurse's role as that of a substitute for the patient, a helper for the patient, or a partner with the patient.

Which contemporary nursing theorist is best known for her definition of nursing that describes the nurse's role as a substitute for the patient and as a helper and partner to the patient? a. Orem b. Henderson c. Watson d. King

b. Watson's theory emphasizes the caring aspect of nursing.

Which contemporary theorist is best known for her emphasis on the caring aspect of nursing? a. Orem b. Watson c. Henderson d. King

a. An underlying assumption of Orem's model is that people want to be in control of their lives and to take care of themselves.

Which nursing model is based on the assumption that people want to be in control of their lives? a. Orem b. King c. Roy d. Watson

c. Roy's model provides a comprehensive understanding of adaptation. When environmental demands are too high and patient's adaptive mechanisms too low, behavioral responses for coping are ineffective.

Which nursing theorist based her model on the belief that adaptation to changes in the environment is the basis of health? a. Watson b. King c. Roy d. Peplau

c. Orlando's theory proposed how nurses process their observations of patient behavior and how they react to patients based on inferences from patients' behavior.

Which nursing theorist is best known for her emphasis on inferences based on observation of patient behavior, confirmation by the patient, and result in effective care based on identified patient needs? a. Madeleine Leininger b. Betty Neuman c. Ida Orlando d. Hildegard Peplau

c. King focuses on goal attainment for and by the patient. King's interacting systems form a framework to view whole persons in their family and social contexts.

Which nursing theorist is best known for her emphasis on interacting systems, including nurse and patient in goal setting and goal attainment? a. Watson b. Roy c. King d. Orem

b. "A group of related concepts, definitions, and statements that describe a certain view of nursing phenomena from which to describe or predict outcomes" is the definition of theory.

Which of the following best describes the meaning of the term theory? a. A set of beliefs about the nature of how things work and how the world should be viewed b. A group of related concepts, definitions, and statements that describe a certain view of nursing phenomena from which to describe or predict outcomes c. An organizational structure that outlines concrete connections between concepts d. Statements that describe linkages between concepts and propose a testable outcome

d. Henderson did not include sexuality in the 14 basic human needs.

Which of the following human needs was not included in Henderson's 14 basic needs of patients? a. Need for work b. Sleep and rest c. Spirituality d. Sexuality