Ch 13 Intl Mgmt

The leadership process used by Japanese managers places a strong emphasis on ____ goals.

ambiguous

The research stream known as the study of ____ leaders has explored how the individual abilities of an executive work to inspire and motivate her or his subordinates.

charismatic

All of the following are relevant to the investigation of leadership in the now classic Haire, Ghiselli, and Porter study except:

communication skills

This type of leadership behavior has been shown to have a positive impact on employees' attitudes in collectivistic cultures because the care, support, and protection provided by these leaders may address employees' need for frequent contact and close personal relationships.

paternalistic

Usually, this leadership behavior satisfies some employee needs, and in turn subordinates tend to exhibit loyalty and compliance.

paternalistic

All of the following are assumptions that underlie Theory Z management except:

people are motivated by financial rewards, not by job security

This leader avoids intervening or accepting responsibility for follower actions.

laissez-faire leader

Some believe that ____ are born, but ____ can be shaped.

leaders; managers

Which of the following is a quality needed to be a servant leader?

listening

A Theory Z manager believes that the primary need of employees is job security.

False

A leader who monitors follower performance and takes corrective action when deviations from standards occur is referred to as a transactional leader.

False

Authoritarian leadership is the use of both work- centered and people-centered approaches.

False

Authoritarian leadership uses work-centered behavior coupled with protective employee-centered concem.

False

Bass discovered that far more regional differences exist in leadership than had been believed previously.

False

Japan is well known for its authoritarian approach to leadership.

False

Recent findings from a leadership study in India showed that participative leadership is not as effective in developing countries as had been previously reported.

False

Romero found that Mexico is moving away from a modern leadership style.

False

The results of a study conducted to examine the ways in which leadership style could be used to influence the achievement motivation of Japanese subjects showed that if an individual is high-achieving, then he or she may be driven by extrinsic factors of motivation.

False

There is a managerial tendency in paternalistic leadership toward a lack of involvement with subordinates.

False

These leaders expect everyone to work hard; in turn, the employees are guaranteed employment and given security benefits such as medical and retirement programs.

paternalistic

Which of the following leaders clarifies what needs to be done and provides both psychic and material rewards to those who comply with his or her directives?

A contingent reward leader

Which of the following leaders takes action or intervenes in situations only when standards are not met?

A passive management-by-exception leader

According to a survey conducted by Puffer, McCarthy, and Naumov, which of the following beliefs is held by Russian managers?

A person must stand alone to be superior

This individual monitors follower performance and takes corrective action when deviations from standards occur.

Active management-by-exception leader

In a survey conducted by Brodbeck and his associates, which of the following culture clusters produces leaders who rate performance orientation as the most important leadership attribute?

Anglo

Which of the following is a specific philosophical assumption of Theory X managers or leaders?

By their very nature, people do not like to work and will avoid it whenever possible.

According to the GLOBE (Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness) study, Humane-Oriented leadership "focuses on ensuring the safety and security of the individual and group through status-enhancement and face- saving."

False

All of the following are accurate depictions of the Japanese approach to leadership except:

Control mechanisms are very explicit; people know exactly what to control and how to do it

A Theory X manager believes that employees who learn different aspects of the business will be in a better position to contribute to the broader goals of the organization.

False

Which of the following is an accurate depiction of the leadership style adopted by the managers of many Middle Eastern companies?

Highly authoritarian tone; rigid instructions

Which of the following is a specific assumption of Theory X managers?

It is necessary to use coercion, control and threats of punishment to get people to attain organizational objectives

Which of the following statements is true about the authoritarian leadership style?

It is widely used by Theory X managers.

In the context of Theory Y managers in China, managers who are skilled in the management of people and possessing political and ideological expertise are called _____

Reds

All of the following are accurate depictions of the U.S. approach to leadership except:

Responsibility is shared collectively

Which of the following is a specific assumption of Theory Y managers?

The expenditure of physical and mental effort at work is as natural to people as resting or playing

Which of the following managers would assume that the primary need of employees is job security?

Theory X manager

This manager believes that if people are committed to their goals, they will exercise self-direction and self-control.

Theory Y

Which of the following is true of Theory X managers?

They believe that people are basically lazy and that coercion and threats of punishment must be used to get them to work.

A Theory Y manager believes that under conditions of modern industrial life, the intellectual potential of the average human being is only partially tapped.

True

A Theory Y manager believes that under proper conditions, the average human being learns not only to accept but to seek responsibility.

True

A research effort linking leadership and corporate responsibility defines responsible global leadership as encompassing values-based leadership, ethical decision making, and quality stakeholder relationships.

True

British managers tend to use a highly participative leadership approach.

True

Japan is well known for its paternalistic approach to leadership.

True

Japanese executives are taught and tend to use variety amplification.

True

Leadership can be defined simply as the process of influencing people to direct their efforts toward achievement of some particular goal or goals.

True

Which of the following is a subunit of positive organizational scholarship (POS)?

enablers

Positive organizational scholarship:

focuses on positive outcomes, processes, and attributes of organizations and their members.

U.S. managers believe that to motivate workers, it is necessary to satisfy their:

higher order needs

According to Bass, the most effective leaders were characterized by four interrelated factors. These are:

idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration

"Transformational leaders are able to get their followers to question old paradigms and to accept new views of the world regarding how things now need to be done." Which characteristic factor of transformational leaders is being described in the previous sentence?

intellectual stimulation

These leaders are individuals who exchange rewards for effort and performance and work on a "something for something" basis.

transactional

Bass found that the most effective managers were ____ leaders.

transformational

These leaders are visionary agents with a sense of mission who are capable of motivating their followers to accept new goals and new ways of doing things.

transformational

The creation of uncertainty and the analysis of many alternatives regarding future action is referred to as _____

variety amplification

U.S. executives are taught and tend to use ___ which is the limiting of uncertainty and the focusing of action on a limited number of alternatives.

variety reduction

Identify the leadership style that is best summarized by the statement "Work hard and the company will take care of you."

paternalistic

Which of the following is a specific assumption of Theory Z managers?

Employees who learn different aspects of the business will be in a better position to contribute to the broader goals of the organization

The focus of attention of this leadership style usually is on work progress, work procedures, and roadblocks that are preventing goal attainment.

authoritarian

Ouchi's Theory Z combines Japanese and U.S. assumptions and approaches to leadership.

True

Paternalistic leadership is common throughout Latin America.

True

The managerial grid is a useful visual to chart how leadership behaviors compare with one another.

True

There is some evidence that paternalistic leaders hip is still a common leadership approach in greater China, stemming from Confucian ideology.

True

Theory Z leadership is associated with the work of ____

William Ouchi

Compared with nonentrepreneurs, entrepreneurs typically:

are more creative and innovative

French and German managers tend to use a work- centered, ____ approach to leadership.

authoritarian

This leadership style is widely used by Theory X managers, who believe that final decisions should be in the hands of the higher-level employees and that a continued focus on the task is compatible with the kind of people they are dealing with.

authoritarian

As a general statement, most evidence indicates that European managers tend to use this approach to leadership.

participative

Employees tend to be more creative and innovative when driven by leaders exhibiting this behavior.

participative

Identify the style of leadership that has been widely espoused in the United States, England, and other Anglo countries.

participative

Identify the type of leaders who motivate employees by consulting them, encouraging joint decisions, or delegating responsibilities.

participative

There is a tendency toward ____ leadership styles among young Arab middle management, as well as among highly educated managers of all ages.

participative

___ leaders typically encourage their people to play an active role in assuming control of their work, and authority usually is highly decentralized.

participative

_____ leadership is very popular in many technologically advanced countries.

participative