ch 13 leading

What theory proposes that leaders usually develop a special relationship with a subset of subordinates who serve as trusted advisors and assistants and have greater influence, autonomy, and tangible benefits in exchange? a leader-member exchange theory (LMX) b. path-goal theory c Fielder's leadership match theory d. Hersey-Blanchard situational leadership model

a leader-member exchange theory (LMX)

The great Chinese philosopher Lao-Tzu said, "When the best leader's work is done, the people say, _______________" a. 'We did it ourselves!' b. 'He did a great job!' c. 'We are proud to work for her!' d. 'How did that happen?!'

a. 'We did it ourselves!'

According to Blake and Mouton, the ideal manager has what rating on the managerial grid? a. 9, 9 b. 0, 9 c. 9, 0 d. 0, 0

a. 9, 9

Who argued that leader effectiveness depends on leadership style and the degree to which the situation gives the leader control and influence? a. Fred Fiedler b. Sergey Brin c. David Maxwell d. Bob Moore

a. Fred Fiedler

In China, what term, which literally means social relationships or social connections, defines ingroup and outgroup people? a. Guanxi b. Gong c. Ling d. Jing Shen

a. Guanxi

Which of the following describes someone with a 1,9 rating on Blake and Mouton's Managerial Grid? a. I support results that establish and reinforce harmony. I generate enthusiasm by focusing on positive and pleasing aspects of work. b. I initiate team action in a way that invites involvement and commitment. I explore all facts and alternative views to reach a shared understanding of the best solution. c. I distance myself from taking active responsibility for results to avoid getting entangled in problems. If forced, I take a passive or supportive position. d. I expect results and take control by clearly stating a course of action. I enforce rules that sustain high results and do not permit deviation.

a. I support results that establish and reinforce harmony. I generate enthusiasm by focusing on positive and pleasing aspects of work.

Costco's CEO Jim Sinegal asks his employees to call him by what name? a. Jim, the CEO b. Mr. Sinegal c. Jimmy S. d. Dr. Sinegal

a. Jim, the CEO

What instrument was developed to measure the two dimensions of leadership style: concern for task results and concern for people? a. The Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire b. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator c. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory d. The Beck Depression Inventory

a. The Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire

Which of the following is NOT a good netiquette tip for managers? a. Use email to discuss employees' performance with other managers. b. Never use email to fire employees or deliver bad news. c. Do not rely on email to the exclusion of person contact. d. Be careful when wording email messages.

a. Use email to discuss employees' performance with other managers.

On Blake and Mouton's Managerial Grid, what label reflects a leader's focus on efficiency, productivity, and goals when deciding how to best accomplish a task? a. concern for production b. concern for people c. concern for progress d. concern for professionalism

a. concern for production

Which of the following emphasizes the achievement of concrete goals? a. concern for task results b. concern for people c. concern for group processes d. all of these

a. concern for task results

Which of Hersey and Blanchard's leadership styles is characterized by letting group members decide what to do? a. delegating b. participating c. selling d. telling

a. delegating

Phil Knight, the founder of Nike, has been described as the ultimate __________, often giving his executives the freedom to make decisions that can dramatically affect the company. a. delegator b. participator c. seller d. teller

a. delegator

In path-goal theory, which leadership style is best for situations with ambiguous, unstructured tasks? a. directive b. supportive c. participative d. achievement-oriented

a. directive

In path-goal theory, what leadership style is characterized by letting subordinates know what the leader expects of them, giving specific guidance as to what to do and how to do it, and scheduling the work to be done? a. directive leadership b. supportive leadership c. participative leadership d. achievement-oriented leadership

a. directive leadership

What term refers to the demonstration of normatively appropriate conduct through personal actions and interpersonal relationships, and the promotion of such conduct to followers through two-way communication, reinforcement, and decision-making? a. ethical leadership b. charismatic leadership c. level 5 leadership d. transformational leadership

a. ethical leadership

Jim Sinegal wants to maintain the central role of __________ in his leading of Costco. a. ethics b. education c. expansion d. evaluation

a. ethics

Which of the following is a culturally contingent leader attribute? a. evasive b. egocentric c. uncooperative d. dependable

a. evasive

Management is a __________, whereas leadership is a __________. a. function, relationship b. relationship, function c. job, career d. career, job

a. function, relationship

What is the term for psychological "brownie points" that allow the leader to take the group in new directions? a. idiosyncrasy credits b. extra credits c. interpersonal credits d. followership credits

a. idiosyncrasy credits

In LMX theory, what is the term for the subset of subordinates who have a special relationship with the leader? a. in-group b. out-group c. work group d. work team

a. in-group

According to Guanxi (and LMX), __________ people are benefited and protected while __________ people may be rejected. a. ingroup, outgroup b. outgroup, ingroup c. older, younger d. younger, older

a. ingroup, outgroup

What term refers to patterns of preferences inherent in organizations that create barriers? a. institutional biases b. stereotypes c. attribution errors d. rules

a. institutional biases

What term refers to factors that make leadership impossible? a. jleadership neutralizers b. leadership substitutes c. leadership diminishers d. leadership exacerbators

a. jleadership neutralizers

Because most managers are ________, they tend to prefer that other managers also be ________. a. male b. female c. young d. introverted

a. male

Research suggests that males tend to punish subordinates __________ than women. a. more harshly b. less harshly c. more often d. less often

a. more harshly

A union contract that prohibits a supervisor from giving workers incentives for higher performance is an example of a leadership ___________. a. neutralizer b. substitute c. diminisher d. exacerbator

a. neutralizer

According to Hersey and Blanchard, leader effectiveness requires successfully diagnosing where subordinates are on a continuum of _____________. a. readiness b. emotional intelligence c. self-efficacy d. efficiency

a. readiness

Which of the following is a universally negative leader attribute? a. ruthless b. evasive c. ruler d. motivating

a. ruthless

According to Fiedler, _____________ leaders will do well when the situation is extremely favorable or extremely unfavorable for the leader (where leader-member relations, task structure, and leader position power are all very high or very low), and ______________ leaders will do well in more moderate situations. a. task-oriented, relationship-oriented b. relationship-oriented, task-oriented c.. individual-oriented, group-oriented . group-oriented, individual-oriented

a. task-oriented, relationship-oriented

What term refers to a person's unchanging characteristics that predispose them to act in a certain way? a. traits b. states c. moods d. intelligence

a. traits

What term refers to leadership based on a reciprocal exchange of something of value? a. transactional leadership b. transformational leadership c. charismatic leadership d. creative leadership?

a. transactional leadership

Early leadership research focused on _______________ leadership, but today, researchers are devoting more time to understanding ______________ leadership. a. transactional, transformational b. transformational, transactional c. charismatic, ethical d. ethical, charismatic

a. transactional, transformational

What term refers to a combination of transactional and transformational leadership styles focused on long-term company performance? a. charismatic b Level 5 c. Level 6 d. transportational

b Level 5

What range of numbers is represented on Blake and Mouton's Managerial Grid? a. 1-10 b. 0-9 c. 0-10 d. 1-9

b. 0-9

Who developed the two-dimensional managerial grid? a. Maxwell and Mae b. Blake and Mouton c. Whitacre and Lutz d. Moore and Mill

b. Blake and Mouton

Which of the following describes someone with a 9,9 rating on Blake and Mouton's Managerial Grid? a. I support results that establish and reinforce harmony. I generate enthusiasm by focusing on positive and pleasing aspects of work. b. I initiate team action in a way that invited involvement and commitment. I explore all facts and alternative views to reach a shared understanding of the best solution. c. I distance myself from taking active responsibility for results to avoid getting entangled in problems. If forced, I take a passive or supportive position. d. I expect results and take control by clearly stating a course of action. I enforce rules that sustain high results and do not permit deviation.

b. I initiate team action in a way that invited involvement and commitment. I explore all facts and alternative views to reach a shared understanding of the best solution.

__________ are generalizations people make to differentiate groups of people, such as believing that men are better leaders than women. a. Leadership skills b. Stereotypes c. Task results d. Motivations

b. Stereotypes

People frequently compare women to an ideal leadership style that favors __________ men. a. democratic b. autocratic c. aristocratic d. participative

b. autocratic

Which of the following emphasizes the social and emotional needs of individuals? a. concern for task results b. concern for people c. concern for deadlines d. all of these

b. concern for people

In the 1950s, Ralph Stogdill and his Ohio State University colleagues and Rensis Likert and his team at the University of Michigan's Survey Research Center identified what two dimensions of leadership style? a. concern for task results and concern for people b. concern for self and concern for others c. interpersonal skills and intrapersonal skills d. social intelligence and general intelligence

b. concern for self and concern for others

The maximum markup at Costco is 15%. What does that mean? a. customers never pay less than 15% more than Costco paid for the item b. customers never pay more than 15% more than Costco paid for the item c. the lowest sale price is 15% off the original price d. customers always pay exactly 15% more than Costco paid for the item

b. customers never pay more than 15% more than Costco paid for the item

Studies have found that __________ leaders are more likely to challenge poor group decisions than are _________ leaders. a. appointed, elected b. elected, appointed c. male, female d. female, male

b. elected, appointed

Who determines whether someone will be a leader? a. the leader b. followers c. the manager d. teachers

b. followers

Microsoft Australia chief executive Steve Vamos said, "The role of the leader is to create environments where others can do great work—and then to ____________." a. make sure the work gets done b. get out of the way c. do great work with them d. do great work for them

b. get out of the way

On the least-preferred coworker scale, leaders who describe their least preferred coworker favorably (pleasant, friendly, enthusiastic) are considered ____________ and are more people-oriented. Leaders who describe their least preferred coworker unfavorably (inefficient, gloomy, uncooperative) are considered ____________ and are more task-oriented. a. low LPC, high LPC b. high LPC, low LPC c. major LPC, minor LPC d. minor LPC, major LPC

b. high LPC, low LPC

Someone with a "telling" leadership style is ________ on task behavior and _______ on relationship behavior. a. low, high b. high, low c. high, high d. low, low

b. high, low

What term refers to factors that make leadership unnecessary? a. leadership neutralizers b. leadership substitutes c. leadership exacerbators d. leadership diminishers

b. leadership substitutes

According to leadership experts Warren Bennis and Burt Nanus, "_________ controls, arranges, does things right; __________ unleashes energy, sets the vision so we do the right thing." a. leadership management b. management, leadership c power, motivation d. motivation, power

b. management, leadership

Which leadership style is most effective when followers have the ability to do something but are insecure and therefore require emotional support? a. delegating b. participating c. selling d. telling

b. participating

Which of Hersey and Blanchard's leadership styles is characterized by asking group members for input but making the final decision alone? a. delegating b. participating c. selling d. telling

b. participating

Which term is most characteristic of the effective model for leadership in the Chinese system? a. maternalistic b. paternalistic c. collaborative d.laissez-faire

b. paternalistic

In LMX theory, members of a clear out-group are likely to __________. a. have a great deal of influence b. quit c. be especially fond of the leader d. all of these

b. quit

In path-goal theory, what leadership style is best in situations where tasks are routine, frustrating, and dissatisfying? a. directive b. supportive c. participative d. achievement-oriented

b. supportive

In path-goal theory, which leadership style is characterized by being "friendly and approachable" and showing concern for the status and well-being of subordinates? a. directive leadership b. supportive leadership c. participative leadership d. achievement leadership

b. supportive leadership

In LMX theory, what ultimately determines whether the follower becomes in-group or out-group? a. the follower's perception of the leader b. the leader's perception of the follower c. the diversity of the workplace d. the size of the group

b. the leader's perception of the follower

It is important to complete the Least Preferred Coworker Scale with whom in mind? a. the person whom you like the least b. the person with whom you can work the least well c. the person with whom you have the least in common d. your favorite person

b. the person with whom you can work the least well

With ___________ leadership, employees comply because of contingent reinforcement, but with _____________ leadership, employees comply because they are personally committed to the leader's goals. a. transformational, transactional b. transactional, transformational c. charismatic, ethical d. ethical, charismatic

b. transactional, transformational

Which of the following describes someone with a 1,1 rating on Blake and Mouton's Managerial Grid? a. I support results that establish and reinforce harmony. I generate enthusiasm by focusing on positive and pleasing aspects of work. b. I initiate team action in a way that invites involvement and commitment. I explore all facts and alternative views to reach a shared understanding of the best solution. c. I distance myself from taking active responsibility for results to avoid getting entangled in problems. If forced, I take a passive or supportive position. d. I expect results and take control by clearly stating a course of action. I enforce rules that sustain high results and do not permit deviation.

c. I distance myself from taking active responsibility for results to avoid getting entangled in problems. If forced, I take a passive or supportive position.

Charismatic leaders try to increase which of the following? a. followers' commitment to ideological goals b. followers' commitment to the leader c. both of these d. neither of these

c. both of these

Why has Fiedler's leader match model been criticized? a. because it does not explain why some people are more effective in different situations b. because it is not entirely clear what the LPC scale actually measures c. both of these d. neither of these

c. both of these

Which of the following is more closely associated with leadership than with management? a. planning b. evaluating c. building trust d. attaining goals

c. building trust

What term refers to leaders who are idealized by followers who develop strong emotional attachments to them? a. transformational b. transactional c. charismatic d. ethical

c. charismatic

Which of the following does NOT describe transformational leaders? a. inspirational b. considerate c. complacent d. intellectually stimulating

c. complacent

Which of the following is a universally positive leader attribute? a. cunning b. sensitive c. honest d. irritable

c. honest

If you are "low LPC," you are most likely to describe your least preferred coworker with which of the following adjectives? a. hesitant, guarded, frustrating b. enthusiastic, close, interesting c. inefficient, boring, gloomy d. supportive, cooperative, warm

c. inefficient, boring, gloomy

What term refers to guiding and influencing others to work willingly toward the leader's objectives? a. power b. management c. leadership d. ethics

c. leadership

About how much of the work force is made up of women? a. about 20% b. about 30% c. more than 45% d. more than 65%

c. more than 45%

In path-goal theory, which leadership style works best when tasks are ambiguous, varied, and challenging? a directive b. supportive c. participative d. none of these

c. participative

In path-goal theory, what leadership style is characterized by soliciting subordinates' suggestions and input? a. directive leadership b. supportive leadership c. participative leadership d. achievement-oriented leadership

c. participative leadership

When Anne Mulcahy, the chairperson of Xerox, took over the company it was $18B in debt and the shareholders wanted to sell it in pieces because it didn't seem 'fixable.' She spent a year asking everyone including other companies' heads, her salespeople, the engineers, customer service employees what they thought should be done. This is an example of which of the following? a. directive leadership b. supportive leadership c. participative leadership d. achievement-oriented leadership

c. participative leadership

Which leadership style works particularly well when followers have minimal competence but are confident and willing to do the job? a. delegating b. participating c. selling d telling

c. selling

Which of Hersey and Blanchard's leadership styles is characterized by making the decision alone, but explaining to the group the reasons for the decision, then helping followers to achieve task completion by persuading them and providing opportunities to learn more about the task? a. delegating b. participating c. selling d. telling

c. selling

What term refers to leadership that inspires followers to adopt the values and goals of the leader and put aside their own self-interests for the good of the organization? a. transactional leadership b. transportational leadership c. transformational leadership d. transparent leadership

c. transformational leadership

Which of the following is more closely associated with management than with leadership? a. building culture b. motivating c.acquiring resources d. coaching

c.acquiring resources

___________ theories of leadership acknowledge that the appropriateness of any leadership style depends on the nature of the followers and the situation. a. Capacity b. Complementarity c. Complacency d. Contingency

d. Contingency

Which of the following describes someone with a 9,1 rating on Blake and Mouton's Managerial Grid? a. I support results that establish and reinforce harmony. I generate enthusiasm by focusing on positive and pleasing aspects of work. b. I initiate team action in a way that invites involvement and commitment. I explore all facts and alternative views to reach a shared understanding of the best solution. c. I distance myself from taking active responsibility for results to avoid getting entangled in problems. If forced, I take a passive or supportive position. d. I expect results and take control by clearly stating a course of action. I enforce rules that sustain high results and do not permit deviation.

d. I expect results and take control by clearly stating a course of action. I enforce rules that sustain high results and do not permit deviation.

____________ leadership can work well for short-term goals, whereas _____________ leadership is more effective for long-term goals and organizational change. a. Ethical, charismatic b. Charismatic, ethical c. Transformational, transactional d. Transactional, transformational

d. Transactional, transformational

In path-goal theory, what leadership style is characterized by setting challenging goals, expecting subordinates to perform at their highest level, continuously seeking improvements in performance, and showing confidence that subordinates will assume responsibility? a. directive leadership b. supportive leadership c. participative leadership d. achievement-oriented leadership

d. achievement-oriented leadership

E-leaders use technology to ___________ relationships in an organization's structure and environment. a. enhance b. improve c. refine d. all of these

d. all of these

In order to facilitate the leading of remote employees, it is a good idea to hire employees who are able to do which of the following? a. self-lead b. set their own goals c. self-motivate d. all of these

d. all of these

Leaders seem to have higher ______________ than non-leaders. a. energy levels b. internal control orientation c. emotional maturity d. all of these

d. all of these

Leaders tends to have higher levels of ______________ than non-leaders. a. intelligence b. self-confidence c. determination d. all of these

d. all of these

Leaders with a high concern for people generate _______________. a. trust b. work satisfaction c. self-esteem d. all of these

d. all of these

Substitutes for leadership can come from which of the following? a. subordinates b. the task c. the organization d. all of these

d. all of these

Transformational leaders do which of the following? a. give subordinates developmental work experiences b. inspiring subordinates to do their best c. demonstrate positive behaviors that followers want to emulate d. all of these

d. all of these

Which of the following influence(s) LMX? a. the follower's abilities b. interpersonal compatibility with the leader c. ingratiation behaviors d. all of these

d. all of these

Which of the following is/are important in leadership? a. communication b. motivation c. influence d. all of these

d. all of these

Which of the following is not a universally negative leader attribute? a. irritable b. dictatorial c. ruthless d. cunning

d. cunning

Which of the following is not a culturally contingent leader attribute? a. cunning b. sensitive c. risk-taking d. egocentric

d. egocentric

Leadership substitutes theory proposes that the importance of formal leaders is reduced by aspects of the situation called _______________. a. substitutes and neutralizers b. substitutes and exacerbators c. substitutes and diminishers d. exacerbators and diminishers

d. exacerbators and diminishers

If you are "high LPC," you are most likely to describe your least preferred coworker using which adjectives? a. rejecting, unenthusiastic, cold b. boring, quarrelsome, tense c. distant, frustrating, unfriendly d. interesting, harmonious, pleasant

d. interesting, harmonious, pleasant

Which of the following is NOT one of the three contingencies of effective leadership? a. leader b. followers c. situation d. management style

d. management style

It is common for both men and women to view stereotypically masculine characteristics as ________, and stereotypically feminine characteristics as ________. a. ethical, unethical b. unethical, ethical c nonmanagerial, managerial d. managerial, nonmanagerial

d. managerial, nonmanagerial

Which of the following is not a universally positive leader attribute? a. trustworthy b. honest c. motivating d. sensitive

d. sensitive

Which leadership style works best when followers lack confidence or don't know how to do something? a. delegating b participating c. selling d. telling

d. telling

Which of Hersey and Blanchard's leadership styles is characterized by making the decision and telling the group what to do? a. delegating b. participating c. selling d. telling

d. telling