Ch. 13 Quiz

enhances the rate at which proteins are synthesized

thyroxine

Growth hormone signals the release of IGF-1 from the

liver

A person under stress may have a lowered resistance to infection.

True

__________ controls hormone concentrations.

Negative feedback

One of the hallmarks of Graves disease is

goiter

A hormone has a half-life of 20 minutes. After an hour, ___ percent of the original number of molecules remains.

12.5

Oxytocin stimulates the kidneys to conserve water.

False

The nervous system releases hormones at synapses and the endocrine system releases neurotransmitters into the bloodstream.

False

Hyposecretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex leads to

addison disease

Steroid hormones

all of the above (are soluble in lipids, combine with protein receptor molecules, & cause messenger RNA synthesis)

Hormones from the adrenal medulla increase

all of the above (blood pressure, heart rate, & breathing rate)

Cushing syndrome

all of the above (is caused by hypersecretion of cortical hormones, decreases tissue protein, & elevates sodium concentrations)

Secretion of glucagon causes

an increase in the concentration of blood glucose.

Nerve fibers in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland secrete

antidiuretic hormone.

The pineal gland is

attached to the thalamus

A person who is stressed usually has increased

blood pressure

The hormone that stimulates calcium deposition into bone is

calcitonin

A nonsteroid hormone acts on a target cell by

causing synthesis of a second messenger.

Aldosterone promotes the homeostasis of ions by causing the kidneys to

conserve sodium and excrete potassium.

Irving, who is 78 years old, takes human growth hormone supplements to regain the strength of his youth. He may be disappointed, because the hormone has been shown only to

decrease fat and increase muscle mass, but not improve strength.

The pancreas functions as part of the endocrine system and as a part of the ______ system.

digestive

A sweat gland is an example of a(n) _______ gland.

exocrine

Parathyroid hormone stimulates the activity of bone-resorbing osteoblasts.

false

Which of the following hormones primarily affects the reproductive organs?

follicle-stimulating hormone

The nervous system releases neurotransmitters into synapses. In contrast, the endocrine system releases _______ into the bloodstream.

hormones

Maxwell has a very high metabolic rate, is skinny, and has protruding eyes. These are symptoms of

hyperthyroidism.

Hormones that the posterior pituitary secretes are synthesized in the

hypothalamus

Jerry drinks a few beers and soon has to urinate. The alcohol has

inhibited secretion of ADH.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus results from

insensitivity of cells to insulin.

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone, which regulates the formation of melanin, is produced by the

intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland.

The condition produced by factors that tend to cause changes in the body's internal environment and threaten its survival is called ______.

stress

The specificity of hormone action derives from

target cell receptors that are unique for each hormone.

Pheromones differ from hormones in that

they are transmitted between members of the same species.

The thymus gland secretes hormones called _____ that _______.

thymosins; control production and differentiation of white blood cells

Calcitonin is produced in the ______ gland.

thyroid

Oxytocin is administered to women following childbirth to stimulate

uterine contractions

_________ inhibits secretion of prolactin.

Dopamine from the hypothalamus

A hormone is a secreted molecule that is carried in the bloodstream to where it acts on target cells that bear specific receptors for that hormone.

True

Norepinephrine and epinephrine are amines.

True

Steroid hormones diffuse through cell membranes, then bind with receptors, whereas nonsteroid hormones bind receptors on the target cell membrane.

True

The hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla are amines.

True

The target cells of releasing hormones are in the anterior pituitary gland.

True

Infantile hypothyroidism results from

a deficiency of thyroid hormones at birth.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by

a disorder of the immune system.

Compared to the nervous system, the endocrine system

may have a longer lasting effect

In addition to a drop in blood calcium concentration, a symptom of hypoparathyroidism is

muscle cramps

Secretions that affect only nearby cells are termed

paracrine

Which of the following hormones requires a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus for its secretion?

prolactin

Upregulation of a target cell can occur in response to

prolonged decrease in the level of a hormone.

Paracrine substances called ______ have powerful, regulating effects on cellular responses to hormones.

prostaglandins