Ch 15

Children show evidence of sensitivity to the "rules" of language by the age of _______ months.

7

A patient who has difficulty speaking but has good comprehension of verbal material is most likely suffering from _______ aphasia.

Broca's

Patients with _______ are likely to have right-sided weakness or partial paralysis; those with _______ are likely to experience right-sided numbness.

Broca's aphasia; Wernicke's aphasia

Because apes seem able to learn a version of American Sign Language (ASL), some researchers have concluded that they are able to acquire language. Those who disagree, however, offer which criticism of this conclusion?

Chimpanzees may only be imitating the gestures of trainers

Which of the following best describes the Wernicke-Geschwind model of aphasia?

Connectionist

Which region of cortex is crucial for face recognition?

Fusiform gyrus

Under which circumstance would a doctor request that a patient undergo a Wada test?

If a patient may need to undergo neurosurgery

Which symptom would not be a likely result of extensive damage to the right fusiform gyrus?

Impairment in recognizing the voices of coworkers

Which statement about childhood aphasia true?

Language abilities impaired by childhood brain injury are usually restored by adulthood.

Which statement about the evolution of languages is most accurate?

Languages are being lost or absorbed as a result of increasing globalization.

Which feature of birdsong suggests it is analogous to human speech?

Some birds require early exposure to species-typical birdsong in order to develop their characteristic song.

Disturbance in reading is called

alexia.

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) findings

are inconsistent with the connectionist model of aphasia

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) findings

are inconsistent with the connectionist model of aphasia.

In most split-brain patients, words presented to the left visual field

cannot be repeated verbally.

According to some studies, stroke patients given _______ therapy can show about a 75% return of normal use of a paralyzed arm within a relatively short period of time.

constraint-induced movement

The human brain shows a clear _______, during which exposure and practice with language must occur in order for language skills to develop normally.

critical period

An exciting, but controversial future treatment for brain injury may be the use of _______ to replace the damaged neurons in the brain and spinal cord.

embryonic stem cells

The complete loss of the ability to understand language, or to speak, read, or write is called _______ aphasia.

global

If conscious subjects receive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of anterior portions of Broca's area, they

have difficulty understanding the meanings of words.

In infants, the left planum temporale is larger than the right, suggesting that

humans have an inborn neural mechanism for language.

In general, brain injury suffered _______ has less severe consequences than brain injury suffered _______.

in childhood; in adulthood

PET scans of brain activation during progressively more complex language processing tasks showed _______ in Broca's area as compared to activation during simple word repetition or reading aloud.

marked activation

The sounds that make up a language are called _______, and the system of rules for producing sentences is called _______.

phonemes; grammar

A prominent structural asymmetry in the brains of typical humans is apparent in the _______, which is located on the superior surface of the _______ lobe.

planum temporale; temporal

TMS brain mapping has shown that _______ regions of Broca's area are important for _______ processing.

posterior; phonological

Bilateral damage to the fusiform gyrus results in

prosopagnosia.

The goal of constraint-induced movement therapy is to encourage stroke patients to use the afflicted arm by _______ the unaffected arm.

restraining

All the following may aid in stabilization and reorganization after brain damage except

reverse transcription.

A left-ear advantage for verbal sounds can be observed in up to 50% of

right-handed individuals

The _______ hemisphere plays a major role in the perception of music. The _______ hemisphere plays a major role in prosody.

right; right

In monkeys, stimulation of the _______, but not of the _______, results in vocalizations.

subcortical regions; cortex

A native English-speaking person with _______ dyslexia would have great difficulty reading the title The Tough Coughs as He Ploughs the Dough.

surface

Early studies using electrodes to stimulate discrete areas of cortex, thereby disrupting neural function, found

that electrical stimulation interfered with language abilities.

Split-brain individuals are those who have undergone surgery to _______ as a treatment for _______.

the corpus callosum; epilepsy

Williams syndrome provides evidence for

the heritability of language.

Wernicke's aphasia is usually associated with lesions of

the left posterior temporal region

Wernicke's aphasia is usually associated with lesions of

the left posterior temporal region.

Speech mechanisms may have evolved from more ancient systems controlling gestures of the face and hands, in agreement with

the motor theory of language

Speech mechanisms may have evolved from more ancient systems controlling gestures of the face and hands, in agreement with

the motor theory of language.

Consistent with the motor theory of speech perception, deaf people who use American Sign Language use _______ language-related regions of the left hemisphere as hearing people who use spoken language do.

the same