Ch 15 Digestive System
mesentery
A large double fold of the the peritoneal tissue, the _____, extends from the parietal peritoneum and attaches to the small intestine
uvula
A small mass of tissue, the ____, hangs from the lower border of the soft palate.
peritonitis
An inflammation of the peritoneum is called ____
GI tract
Below the diaphragm, the digestive tract is referred to as the ______.
simple sugars like glucose
During digestion, most carbohydrates are broken down into _________
hepatic arteries
Oxygen-rich blood is brought to the liver by the _______
Salivary amylase
Saliva contains _____
Mouth
Starch digestion begins in the _____
false
T/F digestion is a function of the large intestine
true
T/F saliva does not contain trypsin
true
T/F the duodenum is not an accessory digestive gland
greater omentum
The _______ hangs down over the intestine like an apron.
small intestine
The _______ is lined with villi and microvilli, which increase the surface area for digestion and absorption of nutrients
metabolic rate
The amount of energy used by the body per unit of time is a measure of ______
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
The correct pathway for digestion is ________
alimentary canal
The digestive tract, also called the _______, is a tube about 8 meters long.
pyloric sphincter
The exit of the stomach is guarded by the______, a strong ring of muscle.
duodenum
The first 22 cm of the small intestine male up the ______ which is curved like a C
anal canal
The last 4 cm of the large intestine is the ______
fats
The liver produces and secretes bile, which is important in the digestion of _____.
digestion, absorption
The mucosa of the digestive tract is specialized for _____ or _____ in some regions
soft palate
The oropharnyx and the nasopharynx are partitioned by the ______, which hangs down like a curtain between them
hormones, digestive enzymes
The pancreas is a large, long gland that secretes both _____ and _______
nutrition
The process of taking in and using foods is _____
ileocecal valve
The small intestine is normally shut off from the large intestine by a sphincter muscle called the _____
digestion, absorption
The vili lining the small intestine increase the surface area for ______ and _____
anus
Undigested food is eliminated through the _____
weight gain
When energy input is greater than energy output, ______ occurs.
Bile
____ is speed in the pear-shaped gallbladder
Proteins
_____ are digested into their component amino acid
Vitamins
_____ are inorganic compounds required for certain reactions to take place; many serve as coenzymes
Minerals
_____ are inorganic compounds usually ingested in the form of salts
Nutrients
_____ are the substances in foods that are used as the building blocks to make new cells and tissues
Enamel
_____ helps protect the tooth against wear and tear of chewing and against chemical substances that might dissolve its inner tissue
Digestion
_____ is the breakdown of food into small molecules
minerals
______ are inorganic compounds usually ingested in the form of dissolved salts
Ingestion
______ involves taking food into the mouth, chewing it, and swallowing it
Absorption
______ is the transfer of digested food through the wall of the stomach or intestine and into the circulatory system
Elimination
_______ removes undigested and unabsorbed food from the body
pulp cavity
the dentin encloses a _____ that contains nerves and blood vessels
