Ch 15 Digestive System

mesentery

A large double fold of the the peritoneal tissue, the _____, extends from the parietal peritoneum and attaches to the small intestine

uvula

A small mass of tissue, the ____, hangs from the lower border of the soft palate.

peritonitis

An inflammation of the peritoneum is called ____

GI tract

Below the diaphragm, the digestive tract is referred to as the ______.

simple sugars like glucose

During digestion, most carbohydrates are broken down into _________

hepatic arteries

Oxygen-rich blood is brought to the liver by the _______

Salivary amylase

Saliva contains _____

Mouth

Starch digestion begins in the _____

false

T/F digestion is a function of the large intestine

true

T/F saliva does not contain trypsin

true

T/F the duodenum is not an accessory digestive gland

greater omentum

The _______ hangs down over the intestine like an apron.

small intestine

The _______ is lined with villi and microvilli, which increase the surface area for digestion and absorption of nutrients

metabolic rate

The amount of energy used by the body per unit of time is a measure of ______

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

The correct pathway for digestion is ________

alimentary canal

The digestive tract, also called the _______, is a tube about 8 meters long.

pyloric sphincter

The exit of the stomach is guarded by the______, a strong ring of muscle.

duodenum

The first 22 cm of the small intestine male up the ______ which is curved like a C

anal canal

The last 4 cm of the large intestine is the ______

fats

The liver produces and secretes bile, which is important in the digestion of _____.

digestion, absorption

The mucosa of the digestive tract is specialized for _____ or _____ in some regions

soft palate

The oropharnyx and the nasopharynx are partitioned by the ______, which hangs down like a curtain between them

hormones, digestive enzymes

The pancreas is a large, long gland that secretes both _____ and _______

nutrition

The process of taking in and using foods is _____

ileocecal valve

The small intestine is normally shut off from the large intestine by a sphincter muscle called the _____

digestion, absorption

The vili lining the small intestine increase the surface area for ______ and _____

anus

Undigested food is eliminated through the _____

weight gain

When energy input is greater than energy output, ______ occurs.

Bile

____ is speed in the pear-shaped gallbladder

Proteins

_____ are digested into their component amino acid

Vitamins

_____ are inorganic compounds required for certain reactions to take place; many serve as coenzymes

Minerals

_____ are inorganic compounds usually ingested in the form of salts

Nutrients

_____ are the substances in foods that are used as the building blocks to make new cells and tissues

Enamel

_____ helps protect the tooth against wear and tear of chewing and against chemical substances that might dissolve its inner tissue

Digestion

_____ is the breakdown of food into small molecules

minerals

______ are inorganic compounds usually ingested in the form of dissolved salts

Ingestion

______ involves taking food into the mouth, chewing it, and swallowing it

Absorption

______ is the transfer of digested food through the wall of the stomach or intestine and into the circulatory system

Elimination

_______ removes undigested and unabsorbed food from the body

pulp cavity

the dentin encloses a _____ that contains nerves and blood vessels