ch. 15 review, BIOL 3303 Chapter 4, Chapter 5, Drugs and Behavior CH6, Chapter 7 Marijuana, ch. 14 review, ch. 13 review

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Opium was given to infants to treat all but which of the following ailments A. teething B. colic C. fever reduction D. pain

Analogy: Schizophrenic hallucinations are to auditory as LSD-induced hallucinations are to A. auditory B. synesthetic C. real D. visual

Analogy: reeder is to join as A. marijuana is to hashish B. longer is to shorter C. licit is to illicit D. marijuana is to marihuana

Another name for endogenous opioid peptides is A. heroin B. poppy seeds C. epinephrine D. endorphins

In 1898, Bayer laboratories marketed diacetylmorphine tablets under the brand name A. Darvon. B. Sublimaze. C. Demerol. D. Heroin.

OxyContin is used recreationally and subject to abuse when it is A. chewed B. snorted C. injected D. all of the above

PCP and ketamine are two hallucinogens that are chemically related to A. serotonin B. norepinephrine C. acetylcholine D. no known neurotransmitters

PCP can be administered A. orally B. intravenously C. through smoking D. all of the above

Peace pill and angel dust have been street names for A. DMT. B. psilocybin. C. pethamphetamine. D. PCP.

Physical withdrawal symptoms after smoking marijuana exist, when A. the smoker has little or no experience B. the smoker is relatively young C. expectations for getting sick are low D. the amount of marijuana smoked is moderate to high

The natural substance in the body that has marijuana-like effects is called A. cannabinum. B. ayahuasca. C. bufotenin. D. anandamide.

Which of these opioids is about 100 times as potent as morphine? A. codeine B. methadone C. pentazocine D. fentanyl

The euphoric effects of amphetamines result from change in A. dopamine activity B. serotonin activity C. the reuptake of epinephrine D. the blood-brain barrier

Which of the following hallucinogens is not related to acetylcholine? A. psilocybin B. ibotenic acid C. Amanita mushrooms D. atropine

The drug that has been reported to produce an increase in sociability and euphoria as well as an increase in blood pressure, body temperature, and pulse is: A. MDMA. B. PCP. C. scopolamine. D. bufotenin.

The earliest form of amphetamine was a synthetic form of A. ephedrine B. norepinephrine C. l-amphetamine D. heroin

According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, more than 50 percent of marijuana users in 2005 between the age of twelve and seventeen employed _____ in marijuana smoking. A. blunts B. heroin-laced joints C. bongs D. Camel cigarette wrappers

"Black tar" is A. a name given heroin from Mexico that is brown or black in its pure form. B. a type of street heroin that is has been "cut" with powdered charcoal. C. a synthetic opioid that is twice as potent as pure heroin. D. an opium extract that is imported from Southeast Asia.

"Detox" refers to A. the process of withdrawal from heroin or other dependence-producing drugs B. the residual effects of withdrawal over a long period of time C. the removal of toxins that gradually take over the effects of heroin D. a sleep rebound effect resulting in nightmares

"Freaking out" on LSD A. can be life threatening B. leads to LSD addiction C. leads to severe memory problems D. is never dangerous

"tea pads" in the 1920's referred to A. places where marijuana smoking occurred B. small containers where marijuana cigarettes could be kept fresh for later use C. the residue from smoked reefers D. packets of hashish

A characteristic element of a PCP-induced hallucination is A. a change in one's body image B. an intense remembrance for the experience C. an intermingling of sight and sound D. a mystical feeling of "union" with the world

A close relative of LSD, d-lysergic acid amide, is found naturally in A. morning glories and Hawaiian baby woodroses. B. peyote cactus. C. henbane. D. opium poppies.

A common feature of atropine, scopolamine, and hyoscyamine is to A. block the parasympathetic effect of acetylcholine B. block the sympathetic effect of norepinephrine C. suppress the activity of endorphins D. stimulate a subclass of dopamine-sensitive receptors

A consistent cognitive effect of marijuana, seen both in frequent users and in less experienced users, is A. slowing of cognitive processing. B. improved ability to focus attention for a long time. C. impaired inhibitory control. D. personality changes.

A drug often referred to as Ecstasy is A. MDMA B. DOM C. DMT D. LAW

A gateway hypothesis with respect to marijuana seems to be equivalently applicable to a gateway hypothesis with respect to A. alcohol and tobacco B. sedative-hypnotics and antianxiety drugs C. cocaine and amphetamines D. heroin and other opiates

A lower number of high school seniors in 2007, relative to 1991, indicated A. a general attitude that regular marijuana smoking was harmful to them B. that they had tried to give up marijuana but could not C. that marijuana should be decriminalized D. that marijuana smoking led to insanity

A major development related to heroin abuse in the United States in the late 1960s was A. heroin abuse among U.S. soldiers in Vietnam B. a sharp decline in heroin prices on the street C. a widespread opposition to drug-taking behavior D. increased success in controlling international heroin smuggling

A major side effect of stimulant medication treatment for ADHD is A. suppression of height and weight growth B. suppression of normal speech C. paradoxical movements in the fingers D. nasal congestion

A popular self-help supposed group for cocaine abusers is modeled after A. Alcoholics Anonymous B. several inpatient treatments programs C. a treatment program for cocaine psychosis D. a pre-World War I educational program for immigrants to America

A report issued by the Institute of Medicine stated that A. short term use of marijuana is suitable for treating certain conditions that do not respond well to traditional medications B. long term use of marijuana is suitable for treating certain conditions that do not respond well to traditional medications C. both short term and long term use of marijuana is suitable for treating conditions that do not respond well to traditional medications D. the use of marijuana for either short term or long term is not suitable under any circumstances

According to the Zinberg study, many chippers A. can successfully avoid heroin dependence B. frequently sell as well as buy and use heroin C. often use heroin on a binge basis D. have more endorphin-sensitive receptors in their brains

According to the text, after injecting heroin, immediately the user will feel A. a tingling sensation and feeling of warmth in the lower abdomen B. dizziness and disorientation C. an increase in sexual desire D. extreme hunger

According to the text, in the 1960s, Vietnamese heroin was ___ than American heroin: A. more pure and cheaper B. less pure and cheaper C. more pure and more expensive D. less pure and more expensive

According to the text, smoking approximately _____ following ovulation can suppress levels of luteinizing hormone in women. A. one marijuana joint B. five marijuana joints C. ten marijuana joints D. twenty-five marijuana joints

According to the text, the effect of the cocaine when smoked ____ the effect of cocaine when snorted A. is greater than B. is less than C. is about equal to D. the effect depends on the user

According to the text, what is the most important characteristic of narcotics? A. they greatly reduce feelings of pain B. they are mostly available as over-the-counter drugs C. they are very inexpensive D. both A and B

Acute effects of cocaine can produce dangerous driving behaviors such as A. "diagonal driving" B. holding up traffic due to driving at an excessively slow speed C. driving with the emergency brake on D. excessive application of the brake

Although LSD has complex effects in the brain, the best evidence indicates that its hallucinogenic properties are due to stimulating A. serotonin-2A receptors. B. the mesolimbic dopamine system. C. cholinergic receptors. D. GABA receptors.

Amanita mushrooms yield a hallucinogen related to the neurotransmitter A. acetylcholine B. dopamine C. norepinephrine D. serotonin

Among normal individuals, relatively low THC concentration are A. not likely to cause acute emotional problems B. likely to trigger psychotic symptoms in about ten percent of them C. more dangerous with respect to acute emotional problems than relatively high THC concentrations D. more likely to trigger psychotic symptoms when smokers are from North America than when they are from Europe

An LSD-induced panic A. is unlikely to lead to a permanent psychiatric condition B. hardly ever occurs C. can be handled by another individual simulating the same symptoms D. occurs 80-90 percent of the time

An average coca leaf contains about ___ cocaine A. 2 B. 60 C. 90 D. less than .001, prior to processing into crack

An example of a reaction to marijuana that is considered to be culturally-based, at least in part, is A. sexual responsivity B. blood pressure changes C. a drying of the mouth D. an urge to drink

An example of heroin abuser responding to a placebo would be a(n) A. needle freak B. insomniac C. abuser who has administrated only low doses of heroin D. person who has little or no experience with heroin

An opium den is a term for a place where A. opium could be smoked B. laudanum was purchased and consumed C. a middle-class British family would gather in the evening D. one could get opium for treatment of pain or diarrhea

Analogy: Buprenorphine (Buprenex) is to methadone as A. non-dependence producing is to dependence producing B. sedative-hypnotic is to opiate C. upper is to downer D. downer is to upper

Analogy: LSD is to LAA as A. visual is to auditory B. serotonin-related is to norepinephrine-related C. weak is to strong D. pleasant is to frightening

Analogy: Opium drinking was to opium smoking as A. the British were to the Chinese B. the Portuguese were to the British C. Chinese immigrants in the U.S. were to the native Chinese D. inhalation was to oral administration

Analogy: Tobacco cigarettes are to joints as A. nicotine is to THC B. THC is to naphthalene C. carbon dioxide is to carbon monoxide D. nicotine is to toluene

Animals will self-administer marijuana A. but the behavior is not as compulsive as with other drugs B. but they cannot discriminate high-potency from low-potency forms C. but they frequently get nauseous afterward D. but later develop brain tumors

Another name for LAA is A. morning glory seeds B. poppy seeds C. sesame seeds D. rye-grain seeds

Another term for reverse tolerance is A. sensitization B. habituation C. tolerance (since the two terms are synonymous) D. all of the above

Anticholinergic drugs are drugs that A. block the parasympathetic effects of acetylcholine B. enhance the parasympathetic effects of acetylcholine C. block the sympathetic effects of acetylcholine D. block the stimulant effects of cocaine

As a local anesthetic, lidocaine A. has a more long-lasting effect than cocaine B. is even more susceptible to abuse than cocaine C. can only rarely be used in dentistry D. has been discontinued from use since 1960

As with LSD, marijuana produces A. changes in the sense of time B. a drying of the mouth C. highly variable psychological effects D. produces considerable withdrawal symptoms

Atomexetine (brand name: strattera) reduces ADHD symptoms by A. increasing norepinepherine levels in the brain B. increasing dopamine levels in the brain C. increasing serotonin levels in the brain D. increasing the density of the blood brain barrier

By the mid-1960's, marijuana smoking was suddenly A. affecting a wide cross-section of the U.S. B. scorned by almost all levels of society C. causing increases in ER mentions in urban hospitals D. a fixture in urban ghettos

By virtue of its structural features allowing it to fit into endorphin receptor sites, ___ has the ability to "undo" the acute effects of opiates like heroin. A. naloxone B. paregoric C. thebaine D. Darvon

Cocaine and amphetamines are both classified as A. major stimulants B. major depressants C. drugs having both stimulant and depressant properties D. drugs having stimulant properties similar to nicotine and caffeine

Cocaine effects are directly related to those areas of the brain that control A. pleasure and reinforcement B. sleep and dreaming C. respiratory control D. balance and equilibrium

Cocaine produces the following physiological effect: A. dilated pupils B. decreased blood pressure C. a sudden dryness of the skin and a flushed appearance D. decreased appetite

Compared to opium or cocaine, the prevalence of products containing marijuana among patent medicines in the nineteenth century was A. much lower B. considerably higher C. about the same D. nonexistent

Cough-suppressant medications with "DM" (as in Robitussen DM) contain A. dextromethorphan B. dopamine C. demomorphine D. diluted morphine

Cyanosis is a condition in which A. the skin turns bluish purple B. the whites of the eyes turn purple C. the fingernails turn a dark red D. the lips turn blue and feel very cold

D-amphetamine is to methamphetamine as A. Dexedrine is to Methedrine B. stronger is to weaker C. dopamine is to norepinephrine D. norepinephrine is to dopamine

During the 1950s, U.S. government agencies that conducted research with LSD included the A. Army and the CIA. B. Centers for Disease Control. C. Department of Education. D. Department of Agriculture.

Flashbacks are more likely to occur when A. the individual is about to go to sleep B. the individual is in a very bright environment C. LSD has been taken numerous times D. the individual experiences a warning sign of an intense colorful light

Formication is a term for A. a form of hallucinatory experience B. voluntary sexual intercourse between unmarried persons C. a process of producing free-base cocaine D. a characteristic speech pattern when under the influence of cocaine

Freud became dependent on A. nicotine B. cocaine C. heroin D. both A and B

Freud decided to try pure cocaine because of A. a report about how cocaine helped German soldiers endure fatigue B. drinking a coca-cola beverage C. how pleased his friends were when using it D. the positive effects Dr. Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow found when using cocaine to treat a painful illness

Given the same dose af marijuana, who will report the greatest effect? A. an experienced smoker B. an intermittent smoker C. a first-time smoker D. someone who is also a tobacco smoker

Heather just took a hallucinogenic drug. She experienced hallucinations within 10 minutes, followed by paranoia and anxiety. One hour later, these symptoms were gone. Which hallucinogen did Heather most likely take? A. DMT B. LAA C. LSD D. harmine

Heroin addicts who participate in methadone maintenance for at least a year show A. a lower risk for AIDS B. a lower risk for cancer C. a lower risk for heart disease D. a lower risk for strokes

Heroin causes labeled defecation and long-term constipation because A. it slows down the gastrointestinal tract B. respiratory centers in the medulla are suppressed C. histamine and testosterone levels are affected D. It is not known why these effects occur

Heroin is officially classified as a ___ drug. A. Schedule I B. Schedule II C. Schedule III D. Schedule IV

Heroin was first introduce commercially by the same people who had marketed A. Bayer's aspirin B. Tylenol C. Sydenham's Laudanum D. Dover's Foot Powder

Heroin withdrawal symptoms resemble a moderate-to-intense case of the flu if A. dose levels have been under 10 percent B. dose levels have been under 50 percent C. the abuser is quite young D. one is in a heroin-associated environment

Hofmann's first "acid trip" occurred when LSD accidentally A. made contact with his fingertips B. was breathed in as a vapor C. spilled onto Hofmann's lap D. attached itself to Hofmann's briefcase

Ice is a A. smokable form of methamphetamine B. smokable form of heroin C. smokable form of cocaine, similar to crack D. none of the above

In 1969, the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 was found to be unconstitutional because A. it violated the Fifth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution B. it put cannabis growers out of business C. enforcement of this Act was left to vary from state to state D. marijuana had not yet been designated as a Schedule I drug

In Western Europe prior to about 1800, cannabis was A. known only to a small proportion of the population B. as popular as opium C. mixed with tobacco and smoked regularly D. totally unknown

In an LSD experience, A. autonomic changes precede the "psychedelic trip" B. autonomic changes are felt after the "psychedelic trip" C. autonomic changes and the "psychedelic trip" usually coincide in time D. autonomic changes and psychedelic effects alternate with each other every half-hour or so

In any given year since 2002, the number of people using pain relievers on a nonmedical basis for the first time has exceeded the number of new ____ users. A. marijuana B. cocaine C. heroin D. ecstasy

In cases of narcotic overdose, which of the following conditions can be fatal? A. depressed breathing and blood pressure B. epileptic seizure activity C. histamine underreactivity D. dehydration from nausea and vomiting

In certain cannabis products, THC concentrations can be as high as A. 60 percent B. 100 percent C. 18 percent D. 9 percent

In comparison to heroin, methadone A. has longer lasting effects B. is more expensive C. is often combined with alcohol D. is usually smoked

The actual discoverer of LSD in 1943 was A. Adam Sertürner B. Albert Hofmann C. a Navajo shaman in Arizona D. Richard Alpert

In general, marijuana smokers A. are more likely to be risk-takers B. are more likely to have parents who were marijuana smokers C. are more likely to perceive other drugs as harmful D. are more likely to conform to social norms

In the early 1900s, the leading heroin-producing nation in the world was A. Myanmar (formerly Burma) B. Mexico C. Malaysia D. Malawi

Ingestion of ergot can lead to A. gangrene, burning pain, and loss of limbs B. euphoria, irritability, and stupor C. hallucinations of insects on one's skin D. an odd sense of peace and tranquility

Intestinal spasms following the taking of opiate medications are due to A. intestinal slowing and a reduction in hydrochloric acid in the stomach B. a rebound from increased endorphin levels C. a combination of antitussive and analgesic effects D. intestinal constriction as food is pushed through faster

It is likely that the image of a witch on a broomstick derives from the practice of ingesting A. a mixture of belladonna, mandrake, and henbane B. datura C. mescaline and psilocybin D. morning glory seeds

Jimsonweed is an example of a datura plant that contains A. anticholinergic chemicals such as scopolamine and atropine. B. LSD. C. psilicybin. D. ephedrine.

LSD is extremely potent A. but surprisingly its toxicity is relatively low B. and unfortunately its toxicity is relatively high C. but its toxicity is higher than cocaine D. but when taken orally none of it reaches the brain

LSD is to _______ as dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is to ______. A. oral administration; inhalation B. inhalation; oral administration C. injection; inhalation D. oral administration; injection

LSD itself (without additives) is A. colorless B. a pale blue C. yellowish D. pinkish

LSD was made illegal A. in 1966 B. as early as 1957 C. as late as 1981 D. at no time. It is still technically legal.

LSD, psilocybin, and morning glory seeds are hallucinogens chemically similar A. to serotonin B. to norepinephrine C. to acetylcholine D. to no known neurotransmitters

Leading the anti-marijuana crusade in the US during the 1930's was A. the Federal Bureau of Narcotics (FBN) B. the Federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA) C. the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) D. Benny Goodman, along with other popular band leaders

Long-term exposure to opioid drugs A. has not been clearly shown to produce damage to any tissue or organ system. B. causes damage to the mesolimbic dopamine system. C. can weaken the heart. D. is a common cause of kidney disease.

MPTP formerly results from the destruction of neurons in the brain sensitive to A. dopamine B. norepinephrine C. endorphins D. a special subclass of serotonin

Mainlining-refers to the following type of administration of heroin: A. intravenous injection B. intramuscular injection C. vaporous inhalation D. oral or sublingual

Marijuana and other cannabis products are classified as Schedule I drugs A. despite the possible medical uses B. because of the possible medical uses C. along with codeine and antihistamines D. along with barbiturates

Marijuana has the following effects on the female reproductive system: A. a reduction in the level of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion B. a decline in fertility C. an increase in testosterone D. all of the above

Marijuana is a A. Schedule I drug B. Schedule II drug C. Schedule III drug D. Schedule IV drug

Marijuana smoking does not increase the risk of developing _____ while tobacco does. A. emphysema B. asthma C. bronchitis D. obstruction of air flow

Medical emergencies related to cocaine abuse A. have increased through the 1990s B. have shown a sharp decline during the 1990s C. have remained essentially the same through the 1990s D. are unknown since the DAWN statistics only began in 1999

Methadone is A. legal B. rather expensive C. non-narcotic in its effects D. fast-acting and its effects are gone in an hour

Methadone maintenance can be considered an option when A. we are dealing with a hard-core subpopulation of heroin abusers B. we are treating individuals having a less than six months experience with heroin C. heroin abusers are female rather than male D. heroin abusers are very young

Methadone maintenance requires A. a daily oral dose of methadone B. a three-times-a week oral dose of methadone C. a daily injected dose of methadone D. a weekly dose of methadone, combined with cocaine

Methamphetamine has recently become a favored stimulant of amusement among A. middle class of society B. homeless population C. urban poor D. upper class of society

Methamphetamine is stronger than d-amphetamine because A. it can cross the blood-brain barrier more easily B. it is less susceptible to abuse C. it more nearly resembles levoamphetamine D. it bears no resemblance to dopamine or norepinephrine

Modafilil (brand name: provigil) is a drug that has been approved for treating A. narcolepsy B. cocaine abuse C. Parkinson's disease D. insomnia

Ololuqui are A. morning glory seeds B. fruits C. mushrooms D. tea leaves

One element of early experiences with LSD was A. the intermingling of visual and auditory sensations B. the extreme paranoia that resulted C. the sense of extreme tranquility and peace D. the mild convulsive seizures

One name that has been used for hallucinogenic drugs is psychedelic, which means A. mind-viewing, and implies a beneficial, visionary effect. B. mind-destroying. C. insanity-producing. D. mind-building, implying greater intelligence.

Opium use dates back A. to the third century A.D. at the earliest B. to roughly A.D.1500 C. to 1200 B.C. or earlier D. to the late 19th century

One of the reasons for the potentially acute lethal effects in taking heroin is A. the relatively small LD/ED ratio B. the relatively high LD/ED ratio C. the relatively complex nature of heroin D. the presence of naloxone in typical street heroin

One reason why LSD is unlikely to show drug dependence is A. its unpredictability B. its pleasant effects C. that it produces little or no tolerance D. its short-acting effects

One theory of the origin of the Salem witch trials in 1692 is that A. town residents were infected with ergot-infected rye grain B. Albert Hofmann had poisoned the water supply C. peyote had been ingested by young girls in the community D. all of the above

One thing that apparently contributed to the spread of opium smoking in China was A. a 1644 edict from the emperor forbidding tobacco smoking. B. religious opposition to the use of alcohol. C. widespread planting of opium poppies in China. D. miners and railroad workers returning from America brought the habit with them.

Paco, a shortened name for "pasta de cocaine" (cocaine paste) is a major public health and social problem in: A. Argentina B. Ecuador C. Venezuela D. Chile

Prevalence rates for high school seniors smoking marijuana in the past year or in the past month in 2007 A. were significantly higher than those surveyed in 1990 and 1991 B. were comparable to those surveyed in 1990 and 1991 C. were significantly lower than those surveyed in 1990 and 1991 D. were above levels in the late 1970s

Recently-developed versions of buprenorphine signal advances in the treatment of: A. heroin abuse B. schizophrenia C. cocaine abuse D. none of the above

Removal of hydrochloride from the salt form of cocaine is called A. free-base cocaine B. crack cocaine C. coca paste D. salt cocaine

STP has been the street name given to a combination of A. LSD and DOM B. LSD and mescaline C. LSD and atropine D. LSD and 'shrooms

Some historians assert that marijuana would not have become so popular in the United States had it not been for A. Prohibition B. the Women's Christian Temperance Union C. the immigration movement in the early part of the twentieth century D. the influence of Benny Goodman

Someone with an amphetamine dependence would benefit most from joining which of the following groups? A. Cocaine Anonymous B. the American Legion C. Overeaters Anonymous D. Americans against Amphetamines (AAA)

Strong opposition in the United States toward opium smoking most likely was a result of A. anti-Chinese prejudice B. lobbying efforts by the tobacco industry C. a preference for laudanum drinking D. the aftermath of the Civil War

Studies show that decriminalization in marijuana in those US states that have enacted such legislation has resulted in A. little or no difference in the incidence of marijuana smoking B. an upturn in the incidence of marijuana smoking C. an increase in positive attitudes toward the smoking of marijuana D. an increase in the criminal prosecution of individuals who have engaged in marijuana smoking

Sydenham's Laudanum was a variation of a drink that had been promoted by ___ about a hundred years earlier. A. Paracelsus B. Galen C. Laudanum D. DeQuincey

Symptoms of cocaine psychosis include A. formication B. a renewed sense of purpose in life C. a need to live a cocaine-free existence D. all of the above

Symptoms such as lethargy, lack of motivation, and in some cases, depression can occur A. when children are not taking stimulant medication B. when children are taking stimulant medication C. during paradoxical movements in the fingers D. by increasing dosage of stimulant medication

Synesthesia refers to A. an intermingling of senses, particularly sight and hearing B. exaggerated appearances of common objects C. mood swings from mania to depression D. a weird feeling of feeling no pain

THC concentrations in some strains of sinsemilla may be as high as A. 15 percent B. 30 percent C. 60 percent D. 75 percent

The "reverse tolerance" effect in marijuana smoking is A. widely reported outside the laboratory but not supported in laboratory studies B. hardly ever reported outside the laboratory but supported in laboratory studies C. a phenomenon supported by informal reports outside the laboratory and laboratory studies as well D. not supported by data inside nor outside the laboratory

The 70 chemicals that are known to be unique to the cannabis plant are called A. cannabinoids. B. THIQs. C. opioids. D. butyrates.

The American public began to take interest in the new drug menace known as marijuana A. after a New Orleans newspaper in 1926 associated its use with crime. B. after the 1937 movie "Reefer Madness." C. after World War II. D. when hippies began using it widely in the 1960s.

The Opium War was between ___ and ___. A. the Chinese soldiers and the British soldiers B. the Indian soldiers and the Chinese soldiers C. the American soldiers and the British soldiers D. the Indian soldiers and the American soldiers

The PCP experience differs from LSD and mescaline experiences in that PCP users A. report more changes in body perception. B. are more talkative. C. report a lot of pain and discomfort. D. see things in black and white instead of in color.

The catechol hallucinogens include mescaline plus a variety of synthetic derivatives of A. amphetamine. B. morphine. C. cocaine. D. acetylcholine.

The common spice ______ can cause visual and tactile hallucinations, accelerated heart rate, tremors, dryness of the mouth, thirst, palpitations, and feelings of impending doom. A. nutmeg B. cinnamon C. pepper D. oregano

The decline in sexual desire among male heroin users is attributed to A. a reduction in the levels of testosterone B. an increase in the levels of estrogen C. an increase in the levels of endorphins D. a reduction in the levels of histamine

The gateway hypothesis predicts that, relative to abstinence from marijuana, A. that marijuana smoking will lead to a greater incidence of drug abuse in general B. that marijuana smoking will lower your grades C. that marijuana smoking will help you find your way in life D. that marijuana smoking will have many adverse psychological and physical consequences

The greater potency of heroin over morphine is due to the following property of heroin: A. its greater fat-solubility B. its ability to dissolve in water C. its ability to be injected D. its greater size

The idea that friends and acquaintances provide opportunities for drug experimentation is referred to as the _____ school of thought. A. sociocultural B. expectation C. intrinsic D. conservative

The indole originally found in toad skins, that turns out not to be a very potent hallucinogen, is A. bufotenin. B. muscimol. C. ergotamine. D. mescaline.

The initial effects of LSD include all but which of the following? A. decreased heart rate B. raised body temperature C. dilated pupils D. elevated blood pressure

The key psychoactive factor in Cannabis Sativa comes from A. the resin that accumulates on the leaves B. the grainy center of the stalk C. the leaf itself D. the roots of the plant

The most hazardous property of ketamine is A. depression of breathing B. intense flashbacks C. amnesia D. an inability to move one's legs

The nausea and vomiting in first-time heroin users is attributed to which part of the brain? A. the medulla B. the hypothalamus C. the cerebellum D. the substantia nigra

The primary active ingredient in marijuana is A. delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). B. psilocybin. C. phencyclidine. D. muscimol.

The primary active ingredient in opium is A. morphine B. poppy C. codeine D. thebaine

The ritual use of mescaline in religious activity is referred to as A. peyotism B. shamanism C. ayahuasca D. ecstasy, hence a common name for this particular hallucinogen

The technical name for the cannabis product most familiar to North Americans is A. marijuana B. sinsemilla C. hashish crystals D. hashish oil crystals

The term "narcotic" comes from the Greek word meaning A. stupor B. painlessness C. illegal D. governmental

The term, antitussive, refers to a drug, useful as a A. to reduce coughing B. to reduce pain C. to reduce contractions during labor and childbirth D. to tighten the muscles around one's abdomen

The textbook says that opioid withdrawal is similar to A. a bad case of intestinal flu. B. a life-threatening disease. C. a hangover from alcohol. D. an allergy.

The two drugs ________ and ________ have been found to be equally effective. A. Ritalin and Adderall B. Adderall and Dexedrine C. Ephedrine and Ritalin D. Dexedrine and Ephedrine

The two major active chemicals in opium are A. morphine and codeine. B. heroin and cocaine. C. paregoric and laudanum. D. meperidine and oxycodone.

Therapeutic communities tend to focus upon A. social aspects of heroin abuse B. physiological aspects of heroin abuse C. medical concerns with regard to heroin abuse D. keeping the environment of the heroin abuse as much the same as possible

Timothy Leary's first hallucinogenic experience involved the ingestion of A. psilocybin mushrooms B. DOM C. LSD D. peyote seeds

Tolerance to the effects of smoked marijuana A. allows experienced marijuana users to obtain euphoric effects with minimal cognitive impairment. B. has not been reliably found for any of marijuana's effects. C. is so powerful that chronic users must smoke more and more to attain less and less euphoria. D. is very rapid, such that it is almost impossible to get high again within a few days after smoking.

Two frequent overall types of LSD "trips" are described in the text using the terms A. expansive and constricted. B. indole and catechol. C. synthetic and analytic. D. inductive and deductive.

Vin Mariani was A. a popular mixture of opium and wine B. a popular mixture of opium and cocaine C. a popular mixture of coca and wine D. a famed Sicilian restaurateur of the 19th century

Visual imagery resembling Aztec designs are frequently experienced with the following hallucinogen(s): A. psilocybin B. LSD C. mescaline D. atropine and scopolamine

What is a major limitation in the drug naltrexone (brand name: ReVia) for heroin abuse? A. it does not reduce heroin craving B. it counteracts the rewarding effects of heroin C. it makes it more likely that the abuser experiences a relapse D. it makes the heroin abuser more sensitive to histamine

What is the drug naloxone (brand name: Narcan) used for? A. to treat narcotic-overdose patients B. to depress blood pressure C. to enhance a "heroin high" D. to reduce pain

Whether or not LSD produces major long term deficits in the behavior of the user A. remains largely unknown B. has been decided on the basis of studying psychiatric patients C. is now clearly understood to be in the negative D. has been answered and understood since the early 1980s

Which country is not prominent in the world harvesting of opium? A. Finland B. Myanmar (formerly Burma) C. Vietnam D. Colombia

Which form of cocaine is typically injected? A. cocaine hydrochloride B. free-base cocaine C. crack cocaine D. coca-leaf powder

Which hallucinogen has been associated recently with cases of date-rape? A. ketamine B. mescaline C. morning glory seeds D. ayahuasca

Which of the following effects is not characteristic of phencyclidine (PCP)? A. increased sensitivity to pain B. paranoid thinking C. manic excitement D. unpredictable behavior

Which of the following is an example of a hallucination? A. seeing an image that is not real B. hearing a voice that is louder than the voice everyone else hears C. being able to sense something will happen before it actually happens D. both A and C

Which poppy flower yields opium? A. opium poppy B. yellow California poppy C. red oriental poppy D. all of the above

Why does sinsemilla contain a high concentration of THC than marijuana? A. the sinsemilla is bushier and the resin content is higher as a result B. the sinsemilla has firmer stalks and the resin content is higher as a result C. the sinsemilla is bushier and the resin content is lower as a result D. the sinsemilla has firmer stalks and the resin content is lower as a result

Why is it that coca chewing produces few instances of toxicity? A. Little cocaine is distributed to the brain since absorption from the digestive system is slow. B. There is a chemical found in coca leaves which dilute the small amount of cocaine found in the leaves. C. As coca leaves are chewed the cocaine is absorbed through the cheek linings bypassing absorption in the digestive tract. D. Ingestion of coca products never results in toxic effects.

Worship services of the Native American Church consist, in part, of the ingestion of A. mescaline B. LSD C. psilocybin D. morning glory seeds without additives

Zinberg's study showed that A. chippers and classic heroin abusers are two distinct populations B. chippers always develop into classic heroin users C. chippers tend to be younger than classic heroin abusers D. chippers are almost always male

A principal benefit from maintenance has been A. the security measures taken to avoid a diversion of methadone to the street B. reduced risk of AIDS from intravenous drug use C. the excellent record in getting individuals off drug abuse in general D. all of the above

A principal factor in the movement of US public opinion with respect to marijuana in the 1930's was A. the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt B. the migration of Mexicans into the U.S. C. the advent of radio D. the glorification of organized crime in the movies

A speedball contains a combination of A. cocaine and amphetamines B. cocaine and heroin C. amphetamines and heroin D. cocaine and LSD

A "bad trip" on LSD A. is avoidable with careful planning as to the dose one is taking B. can be minimized by the companionship/reassurance of others C. can be avoided by turning off all the lights D. can be minimized by physical restraints

A bazuco is a A. mixture of heroin and cocaine B. mixture of cocaine paste and tobacco C. mixture of raw coca leaves and kerosene D. form of smoked cocaine similar to crack

A decline in one's grades after a period of regular marijuana smoking support A. the gateway hypothesis B. the amotivational syndrome C. the anandamide hypothesis D. the killer-weed hypothesis

A first time marijuana soker is likely to A. feel unusually strong effects B. feel no discernible effects at all C. feel nauseated D. experience very pleasant hallucinations

A hallucinogen that shamans frequently ingest in their ayahuasca is A. DMT B. harmine C. psilocin D. MDMA

A new public health concern is the recreational use of cough-suppressant medications such as ____. A. dopamine B. dextromethorphan C. demomorphine D. diluted morphine

A particular heroin dose might have a greater effect on the abuser if A. the heroin has been "cut" with another substance B. the environment in which the heroin is taken is unfamiliar to the abuser C. the drug dealer is a friend of the abuser D. twelve hours have passed since the previous dose

According to the text, authorities largely ignored marijuana clubs in New York City during the 1920's because: A. authorities were focused on looking for cocaine clubs B. marijuana was not viewed as a social threat C. the police did not know about their existence D. marijuana clubs were used mostly for religious ceremonies

According to the text, in the 1920's, a large number of ____ were recreational marijuana users. A. doctors B. jazz musicians C. farmers D. women

According to the text, one joint has approximately the same amount of tar as ____ cigarettes. A. two B. four C. nine D. sixteen

Adulteration A. is fortunately no longer a significant concern for marijuana smokers B. can produce synergistic or other interactive effects in any street drug C. usually weakens the effect of a marijuana joint D. is fortunately less of a concern for marijuana smokers than in the 1970s

Amphetamine withdrawal symptoms include all of the following except for A. intense depression B. mild euphoria C. agitation D. anxiety

An early champion of cocaine use was A. Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow B. Sigmund Freud C. Ernest Jones D. Martha Freud

Analogy: Marijuana smoking is to opium smoking as A. Mexican-Americans were to naturalized citizens B. Mexican-Americans were to Chinese-Americans C. northern states were to southern states D. the nineteenth century was to the twentieth century

Analogy: Morphine is to naloxone as A. antagonist is to protagonist B. agonist is to antagonist C. dopamine is to norepinephrine D. endorphins is to opiates

Analogy: Opium dens were to Victorian parlors as A. opium snorting was to opium smoking B. opium smoking was to opium drinking C. opium drinking was to opium smoking D. opium drinking was to opium snorting

Analogy: using _____ is to daytime as using ______ is to evenings A. cocaine; methamphetamine B. methamphetamine; cocaine C. heroin: methamphetamine D. methamphetamine; heroin

As cocaine wears off, the abuser experiences A. a relaxation of bronchial muscles and dilation of nasal blood vessels B. a contraction of bronchial muscles and dilation of nasal blood vessels C. a relaxation of bronchial muscles and constriction of nasal blood vessels D. a contraction of bronchial muscles and constriction of nasal blood vessels

As the THC content in marijuana increases, A. memory performance increases as well B. memory performance decreases C. memory performance first decreases then increases D. it is impossible to predict the effect on memory performance.

At high doses of heroin, ___ is a major risk factor that can result in death. A. the slowing down of the gastrointestinal tract B. respiratory depression C. pinpoint pupils D. increased blood pressure

At one time, one of the following drugs was inappropriately classified as a narcotic. A. codeine B. cocaine C. thebaine D. synthetic opiates

Atropa belladonna is also known by the name A. sweet potato. B. deadly nightshade. C. lavender. D. inky cap.

Black tar is the name for A. a type of hallucinogen introduced in 1992 B. a relatively pure and inexpensive form of heroin C. a sticky substance used to induce euphoria D. a form of crack cocaine disguised to avoid detection

By 1900, opiate dependence in the United States was A. virtually nonexistent B. proportionally more extensive than now C. viewed as a social phenomenon without much concern D. on the decline as a result of the Harrison Act

Care-cola, dope cola, Lola are, and wiseola were among several beverage products sold in the 19th century. An ingredient they all had in common was A. heroin B. cocaine C. marijuana D. enormous levels of caffeine

Chemotherapy in the course of cancer treatment frequently produces A. a feeling of euphoria B. a loss of appetite C. weight gain D. a strange craving for marijuana

Chromosomal damage from LSD A. is an unfortunate side effect that presents a significant risk B. does not appear to occur C. was a conclusion of all studies carried out prior to 1998 D. was a question not investigated until 1983

Cocaethylene toxicity can result from a combination of A. cocaine and heroin B. cocaine and alcohol C. cocaine and nicotine D. cocaine and amphetamines

Cocaine enhances the activity of which neurotransmitter? A. serotonin B. dopamine C. GABA D. acetylcholine

Commercial varieties of morning glory seeds are not typically abused because A. they are botanically different from LAA seeds B. they contain an additive that produces nausea if they are eaten C. they provide very mild effects D. they look disgusting

Compared to LSD hallucinations, psilocin hallucinations A. are more emotionally intense B. are more strongly visual C. are often accompanied by strong paranoia D. have more panic reactions

Compared to children born to non-LSD users, children born to LSD users A. are eight times more likely to have low birth weight B. are not more likely to have birth defects C. are six times more likely to have learning disabilities D. are ten times more likely to become LSD users in the future

Compared to snorting cocaine, injecting cocaine is characterized by A. a quicker effect that remains for a longer period of time B. a quicker effect that wears off more quickly C. a slower effect that remains for a longer period of time D. a slower effect that wears off more quickly

Crack cocaine has been a street drug since what time period? A. late 1970s B. mid 1980s C. early 1970s D. early 1980s

Currently, marijuana ranks ____ among drug-related ED visits A. 30th B. second C. first D. 47th

Opium was traditionally extracted from the poppy plant by A. boiling the leaves. B. cutting the seed pods. C. pounding the roots. D. collecting the pollen from the flowers.

Daily smoking of one marijuana joint is equivalent to how many cigarettes in terms of damage to cells lining the airways? A. ten cigarettes (half a pack) a day B. five cigarettes a day C. forty cigarettes (two packs) a day D. sixty cigarettes (three packs) a day

Decriminalization of marijuana A. has yet to be adopted by more than one or two U.S. states B. considers marijuana possession to be a civil rather than a criminal offense C. is equivalent to legalization D. none of the above

Discontinuation of amphetamine like drugs used to treat nasal congestion can produce A. profound nasal decongestion B. nasal stuffiness C. repetitive sneezing D. a "euphoria rebound"

Drivers testing positive for THC in their bloodstreams have been shown to be about ___ times more likely involved in an accident tan drivers testing negative for THC or alcohol. A. one to two B. three to seven C. ten to twenty D. twenty-five to thirty

Driving ability is impaired after marijuana smoking because A. reaction time is longer B. it is more difficult to look straight ahead for long periods of time C. more chances are taken on the road D. it is more difficult to attend to peripheral stimuli

Endorphins are special molecules that function like A. dopamine B. morphine C. amphetamines D. phenylphenols

Enkephalins, endorphins, and dynorphins are A. three types of opioid receptor found in the brain. B. three classes of natural brain chemicals that have effects similar to morphine. C. enzymes in the brain that convert morphine into its active form. D. three chemical classes of synthetic prescription opioids.

Ergot is a fungus A. found atop desert cactus plants B. in moldy rye grain C. attached to morning glory seeds D. related to penicillin

Hashish oil is produced by A. grinding up marijuana until it forms a powder B. boiling hashish in alcohol then filtering out the residue C. developing an unusually potent strain of sinsemilla D. grinding up hashish into a paste then igniting it

Heroin became the drug of choice for many opioid users A. around 1900, because it could be injected. B. during the 1920s, because it was easier to smuggle the small amounts needed for an effective dose. C. during World War II, when supplies of raw opium were cut off. D. in the 1960s, because users believed that it was more pure than other opioids.

Heroin is ____ times stronger than morphine A. 2 B. 3 C. 5 D. 10

Hugo, Dumas, Baudelaire, and Balzac were among the prominent artists and intellectuals who regularly attended A. lectures on the proper form of opium smoking B. the Club des Hachichins in Paris C. rallies to foster cannabis use in France D. talks concerning exotic stories of the East

If a drug blocks serotonin-2A receptors, then the drug also has the ability to block A. the effects of Thorazine in schizophrenic patients B. the effects of hallucinogenic drugs C. the effects of LSD but not other drugs D. the effects of most psychoactive substances

If the effect of heroin administration is stupor, then the predictable effect of heroin withdrawal is A. pain and irritability B. insomnia C. diarrhea D. piloerection ("gooseflesh")

If there is a relatively large amount of fiber in a Cannabis plant, it is likely that the psychoactive effects A. will be high B. will be low C. will be either high or low, since there is no relationship between fiber content and psychoactive effects D. will be moderate, since there is a curvilinear relationship between fiber content and psychoactive effects

Illicit methamphetamine laboratories are typically situated in A. urban centers B. rural or desert areas of the U.S. C. Alaska and Hawaii D. Georgia and Florida

Impurities in some forms of synthetic heroin have produced cases of A. Alzheimer's disease B. Parkinson's disease C. Hodgkin's disease D. temporary blindness

In 2007, about ___ percent of Americans older than age twelve had used a prescription pain reliever for nonmedical reasons in the past year. A. 2 B. 5 C. 15 D. 20

In 2008, according to the University of Michigan survey, about ___ percent of high school seniors reported having taken Ecstasy at some point in their lives. A. less than 1 B. 6 C. 15 D. 25

In Victorian England, the acceptable form of opium use was A. opium smoking B. opium drinking C. opium chewing D. both opium smoking and drinking

In a study of heart rate changes following smoked marijuana with 4 percent THC or 20 mg oral THC. A. the heart rate increased much more after oral THC. B. the peak effects were similar, but smoking produced effects much sooner. C. smoked THC increased heart rate, but oral THC had no effect. D. heart rates remained elevated for up to three days after smoking marijuana.

In comparison to tobacco, marijuana A. contains less tars B. contains more hydrocarbons C. is more likely to be addictive D. contains about the same levels of nicotine

In early research on hallucinogens, Leary and Alpert studied A. first LSD then later psilocybin B. first psilocybin then later LSD C. first prescription hallucinogens then later illicit ones D. first the reactions on other people then later on themselves

In hunter-gatherer societies, the shaman or medicine man (or woman) was important not only for understanding what we now call medicine, but also because he or she was A. usually a close relative of the chief. B. a spiritual, or religious, leader. C. also a judge who decided how to punish misbehavior. D. often the wealthiest member of the group.

In rare cases, people who have used LSD experience similar symptoms weeks or months later. The common term for this has been A. synesthesia. B. flashbacks. C. automatism. D. semantic memory.

In the 2005, US Supreme Court Case Raich v ashcroft, Angel McClary Raich A. led the fight to ban medical marijuana B. testified as a patient who would benefit from the use of medical marijuana C. was a prominent physician who testified on behalf of the federal government D. both A and C

In the United States during the late 1800s, opium was appealed principally to A. male alcoholics B. women C. little children who were too young to get a drink in the saloons D. elderly people who lived in the cities

Individuals who are tolerant to LSD A. are more likely to try other hallucinogens B. are also tolerant to psilocin C. show tolerance to opium D. have more intense trips

Intensive interventions, medical supervision, and psychological counseling can be best carried out during A. Cocaine Anonymous sessions B. inpatient treatment in a hospital facility C. outpatient treatment programs D. programs designed for adolescents

It was originally though that oxycodone (brand name: OxyContin) was A. useless for treating pain B. safe from potential abuse C. more addictive than Vicodin D. a useful treatment for skin itching

Judging from information obtained in surveys, the dominant abused prescription pain relieving medication is ____ A. morphine B. hydrocodone (brand name: Vicodin) C. dextromethorphan D. oxycodone (brand name: OxyContin)

Ketamine was once used as a(n) A. antidote for heroin overdose B. emergency surgical anesthetic C. substitute for cocaine D. hallucinogenic treatment in psychotherapy

LSD closely resembles the molecular structure of A. dopamine B. serotonin C. endorphins D. acetylcholine

LSD dosages are typically expressed in terms of A. nanograms B. micrograms C. milligrams D. grams

LSD was once believed to be a useful treatment for: A. Parkinson's disease B. schizophrenia C. Alzheimer's disease D. panic attacks

LSD-25 was the official name for LSD because A. the year of its discovery was the 25th anniversary of laboratory from which it was first isolated B. it was the 25th variation to be tested C. it was discovered on the 25th of July, 1943 D. it was approximately 25 times more potent than mescaline

Leaves of a coca shrub A. are the source of chocolate B. are harvested in South America C. are frequently added to tobacco in cigarettes D. form the basis for modern-day amphetamines

Loperamide (brand name: Imodium), which is available on over-the-counter basis, effectively controls: A. skin itching B. diarrhea C. acute and intense pain D. nasal congestion

MDMA (Ecstasy) is a designer drug that A. carries relatively little risk B. has been used in psychotherapy C. is structurally related to serotonin D. is also referred to as STP

Marijuana has the following effects on the male reproductive system: A. an increase in the level of testosterone B. a decrease in sperm count C. a decrease in the percentage of abnormally formed sperm D. all of the above

Mescaline effects have been shown to be highly similar to the effects of A. TWA B. LSD C. DOM D. DMT

Metabolites of marijuana are detectable several weeks after marijuana smoking if A. other drugs are being abused concurrently B. there has been chronic marijuana smoking C. the smoker is younger than 21 years of age D. all of the above

Methadone fails to A. block the abuser's craving to get high B. block the desire for heroin C. metabolize when it enters the body D. replace the effects of heroin to the user

Microdots refer to the following form of street LSD: A. gelatin chips B. powder pellets C. squares of absorbent paper D. all of the above

Morphine-like molecules can be classified as A. serotonin agonists B. endorphins C. agonistic or antagonistic subtypes of dopamine D. naloxone-sensitive or naloxone-insensitive subtypes

Naloxone has the following relationship to opiate drugs: A. agonistic B. antagonistic C. synergistic D. additive

Naloxone, nalorphine, and naltrexone are examples of A. NSAIDs. B. opioid antagonists. C. prescription opioids that are being misused and abused at increasing rates. D. fake drugs sold over the Internet that are actually placebos.

Natural components of opium are usually categorized as A. synthetic opiates B. opiates C. thebaine derivatives D. variations of heroin

Of the three major opiate products, the strongest effects are observed from the administration of A. codeine B. morphine C. thebaine D. opium

One adverse consequence from a kindling effect is the potential for A. prolonged euphoria followed by depression B. brain seizures C. a degeneration of cells in the lungs D. a feeling of extreme warmth

One difference between the effect of Amphetamines and the effects of cocaine is that A. the effects of cocaine extend over a longer period of time B. the effects of amphetamine extend over a longer period of time C. cocaine impacts the sympathetic nervous system and amphetamine affects the parasympathetic nervous system D. amphetamines impact the sympathetic nervous system and cocaine affects the parasympathetic nervous system

One major behavioral problem that is seen in acute marijuana intoxication is: A. amotivational syndrome. B. panic reactions. C. anger and violence. D. blackouts.

One of the distinctive characteristics of Cannabis Sativa is its A. strong aroma B. resilience C. rarity D. vulnerability to harsh climates

One reason Western Europe was reintroduced to cannabis after 1800 was A. the rise of realism in European literature B. the return of French soldiers from Egypt C. the negative publicity regarding opium use D. the influx of tobacco products from America

Opium is harvested by A. tapping into the trunk of the opium poppy tree during the springtime B. incising the seed capsule of the poppy, allowing a white juice to ooze out C. grinding up large poppy leaves into a powder D. pressing opium poppy petals into a thick paste

PCP and ketamine can best be described as A. CNS depressants with hallucinogenic properties B. dissociate anesthetic hallucinogens C. CNS stimulants with analgesic properties D. none of the above

Peyote cactus is the source for A. harmine B. mescaline C. DMT D. LAW

Possession of opium, morphine, or heroin without a prescription was made a crime by A. the 1906 Pure Food and Drugs Act. B. a 1915 Supreme Court decision. C. the 1970 Controlled Substances Act. D. the 1986 Anti-Drug Abuse amendments.

Present-day smoked PCP is sometimes mixed with A. opium B. tobacco and marijuana C. paregoric D. amphetamines

Prior to 1973, the major source of heroin had not been the "Golden Triangle" region of but rather the country of A. Mexico B. Turkey C. Pakistan D. France

Prior to its reemergence in the 1990s, amphetamine abuse in the US had peaked earlier around A. 1955 B. 1967 C. 1929 D. 1900

Prior to the 1960's, the public believed that marijuana was abused by mostly A. college students B. ethnic minorities in urban areas C. women D. high school seniors

Psilocybe mexicana and Psilocybe cubensis are examples of A. plants containing mescaline. B. hallucinogenic mushrooms. C. anticholinergics. D. poisonous fungi.

Psilocybin is A. about as potent as LSD B. structurally similar to serotonin C. eventually broken down into a by-product found in urine D. more likely to produce panic attacks than LSD

Psilocybin is A. more potent than LSD B. less potent than LSD C. not fat soluble like LSD D. both A and C

Psilocybin is found in A. moldy rye grain B. mushrooms C. tainted water D. gelatin chips

Relative to LSD, DOM has the reputation of producing A. a shorter but more pleasant trip B. a higher incidence of negative reactions C. the same effects at a higher price D. greater sense of peace and tranquility

Relative to LSD, mescaline effects A. are much more pleasant B. are more likely to cause nausea and headaches C. are easily distinguishable D. are less likely to stimulate serotonin-2A receptors

Self-administration of THC in animals is A. more compulsive in character than with heroin B. less compulsive in character than with heroin C. as compulsive in character as with heroin D. less compulsive in character than with heroin but more compulsive in character than with cocaine

Some individuals have avoided injecting heroin only because A. they cannot afford the high price B. they have an aversion to needles C. they are afraid of the legal consequences D. they are basically shy and withdrawn

Street doses of LSD range from A. 20-30 micrograms B. 50-150 micrograms C. 150-250 micrograms D. 1,000-2,000 micrograms

Studies show that marijuana increases which of the following? A. Verbal exchanges. B. Nonverbal social interactions. C. Nausea and vomiting. D. Empathy.

Suppression of height and weight gains caused by stimulant medication treatment for ADHD can be compensated for A. by taking a different brand of stimulant medication B. during "drug holidays" when someone is no longer taking the medication C. by increasing the dosage of stimulant medication D. by taking two different kinds of stimulant medication

THC can be detected in the blood for several days after using marijuana due to A. THC bonding to red blood cells B. slow excretion of THC from fatty tissue C. slow absorption of THC into muscle tissue D. THC molecules bypassing the blood brain barrier

THC_sensitive receptors in teh brain are located in those regions that are important for A. arousal, sleep, and respiration B. short-term memory and motor control C. motor control and emotionality D. heart rate and respiration

THS is one of 80 or so A. varieties of marijuana B. compounds called cannabinoids C. sinsemillas D. types of hemp plant

Taking heroin on an occasional basis is called A. heroin compliance B. chipping C. heroin sampling D. tasting

Technically, PCP belongs in the _______ category of drugs. A. stimulant B. depressant C. euphoriant D. narcotic

Technically, a drug such as _______ could be classified as a hallucinogen when dose levels are very high. A. heroin B. cocaine C. Valium D. codeine

The 16th century European physician Paracelsus, and later Dr. Thomas Sydenham promoted the use of A. heroin. B. laudanum. C. opium smoking. D. pure codeine.

The 1944 LaGuardia report of the New York Academy of Medicine concluded that "those who have been smoking marihuana for a period of years . . ." A. were unable to function as productive members of society. B. showed no mental or physical deterioration. C. were almost never drunkards. D. showed a high rate of primary impotence.

The 2005 US Supreme Court case, Raich v Ashcroft A. overturned the legal status of medical marijuana in all fifty states B. overturned the legal status of medical marijuana in the state of California C. upheld the legal status of medical marijuana in all fifty states D. upheld the legal status of medical marijuana in the state of California

The Marijuana Act of 1937 A. banned marijuana on a federal level B. imposed a tax on marijuana use C. duplicated efforts of the Harrison Act of 1914 D. left marijuana smoking as a tolerated, though discouraged, activity

The Native American Church includes aspects of Christianity and uses __________ as a sacrament. A. LSD B. peyote C. Cohoba snuff D. coca leaves

The abuse potential of THC A. seems to be very low. B. is higher for smoked than for oral THC. C. is higher for oral than for smoked THC. D. is very high regardless of how it is consumed.

The analgesic effect of narcotic drugs refers to the reduction of A. the perception of pain B. the suffering caused by pain C. both the perception and the suffering caused by pain D. one's level of arousal

The anesthetic properties of PCP differ from that of other anesthetics because PCP A. causes heart-beat irregularities B. does not depress respiration or blood pressure C. lasts for a longer period of time D. cannot be injected

The behavioral features of amphetamine psychosis is highly similar to A. major depression B. paranoid schizophrenia C. panic attack D. serotonin-related drugs

The club des Hachichins in Paris was A. the birthplace of French Impressionism and the home of opium smoking B. a gathering place for consuming hashish C. a notorious French brothel where marijuana was smoked D. a hospital for wounded Napoleonic soldiers where hashish was smoked

The dancing mushrooms in Disney's Fantasia were modeled after A. psilocybin mushrooms B. Amanita mushrooms C. morning glory mushrooms D. peyote mushrooms

The dominant illicit drug in the U.S society today is A. alcohol B. marijuana C. benzodiazepines D. opiates of various types

The early LSD researcher who was fired from his academic job, became a proponent of hallucinogenic drug use, and started a religion in which LSD was the sacrament is: A. William Halstead. B. Timothy Leary. C. Parke Davis. D. Robert Wood Johnson.

The experience of ingesting a hallucinogen might be best described as A. hallucinogenic rather than illusionogenic B. illusionogenic rather than hallucinogenic C. psycholytic rather than psychedelic D. schizophrenic rather than normal

The fact that animals with no history of opioid withdrawal will press a lever to self-administer low doses of intravenous morphine or heroin demonstrates the importance of ____________ in developing opioid dependence. A. withdrawal symptoms B. positive reinforcement C. peer pressure D. tolerance

The first-time experience with heroin is typically A. quite pleasant, depending on expectations B. characterized by nausea and vomiting C. disappointing, as no effect is observed at all D. characterized by a sudden increase in sexual interest

The impact of the Harrison Act encouraged opiate abusers A. to obtain opiates through pharmacies B. to obtain opiates illegally C. to obtain opiates through the government D. to obtain opiates at reduced discount prices

The importation of opium into China was A. strongly opposed by the British government B. strongly opposed by the Chinese government C. strongly opposed by both the British and the Chinese government D. supported by both the British and the Chinese government

The marijuana Tax Act of 1937 led to A. establishment of the Harrison Act B. all of the U.S. states making possession of marijuana illegal C. greater availability of Cannabis sativa products D. marijuana smoking being frowned upon, yet tolerated

The name, belladonna, derives from the use of atropine for improving a women's appearance by A. causing a rosy glow on the skin B. dilating the pupils C. increasing general arousal D. softening her skin

The naturally occurring substance that stimulates the THC-sensitive receptor in the brain is called A. THC B. anandamide C. cannabinoid D. marijuana

The particular receptor subtype that LSD stimulates is referred to as A. serotonin-D2 B. serotonin-2A C. serotonin-S3 D. serotonin-3A

The plants, mandrake and henbane, A. have miraculous powers B. contain anticholinergic drugs C. produce mescaline-like effects D. are sources of amphetamine-like drugs

The psychological effect of LSD was first reported by A. Dr. Sigmund Freud, a Viennese physician. B. Albert Hofmann, the Swiss chemist who developed the drug. C. Timothy Leary, a Harvard psychologist. D. Saint Anthony.

The recreational use of opium was popularized by the book, Confessions of an Opium Eater, written by A. Claudius Galen B. Thomas DeQuincey C. Thomas Sears of Sears, Roebuck D. Friedrich Sertürner

The relationship between LSD and violent behavior A. represents unfortunately a potential risk factor B. is largely a myth C. is most likely to occur after one year of using LSD D. makes violent behavior during a "freaking-out" experience inevitable

The sequential pattern of drug use among multi-drug (polydrug) users reveals that they initiate with the use of ____ drugs earlier than they initiate the use of ____ drugs A. low-prevalence drugs; high-prevalence drugs B. high-prevalence drugs; low-prevalence drugs C. illicit drugs; licit drugs D. licit drugs; illicit drugs

The synaptic effect of cocaine is to A. speed up the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine B. slow down the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine C. block the effect of dopamine D. block the effect of norepinephrine

The term, speed freak, refers to an individual who is abusing which drug? A. d-amphetamine B. methamphetamine C. levoamphetamine D. ephedrine

The typical LSD dosage today is about _____ the level common in the 1970s. A. one-hundredth B. one-fourth C. twenty times D. the same as

The typical THC concentration in marijuana joint available today is about A. 1-2 percent B. 6 percent C. 10-15 percent D. more than 60 percent

There is greater support for a(n) ___ argument than a(n) ___ argument for the data regarding the gateway hyporthsis for marijuana. A. intrinsic; sociocultural B. sociocultural; intrinsic C. amotivational; motivational D. pharmacological; psychological

To increase profits, Bob, the neighborhood drug dealer, decides to mix marijuana with some newly introduced drugs which will weaken the effects of marijuana. This practice is known as A. bait and switch B. adulteration C. sensitization D. chipping

Tolerance effects in a particular heroin reaction is A. greatest when dose levels are low B. greatest when dose levels are high C. about the same at all dose levels D. lowest when the abuser is younger than 21

What is the goal of multimodality programs? A. getting the heroin out of the system B. successful reintegration into society C. coping with withdrawal symptoms D. inducing a polydrug abuse lifestyle

What was the "soldier's disease" in the 19th-century America? A. a sexually transmitted disease B. opiate dependence among Civil War veterans C. withdrawal symptoms associated with opium withdrawal D. a term used to describe soldiers infected from their injuries in battle

When coca paste is combined with tobacco, it cannot be injected into the blood stream because A. it is not fat soluble B. it is not water soluble C. it cannot be melted down to liquid form D. all of the above

Which drug or class of drugs is a substantially less powerful stimulant than cocaine? A. d-amphetamine B. caffeine C. methamphetamine D. none of the above

Which effect of heroin is the least likely to show tolerance? A. pupillary responses B. constipation and spasms C. analgesia D. euphoria

Which it the following disorders is NOT treated by stimulant drugs? A. narcolepsy B. epilepsy C. ADHD D. nasal decongestion

Which of the following atoms are NOT contained in the molecular structure of amphetamine? A. carbon B. oxygen C. nitrogen D. hydrogen

Which of the following symptoms does cocaine produce? A. increased heart rate, increased respiration, decreased blood pressure B. sweating, increased heart rate, increased blood pressure C. decreased heart rate, decreased respiration D. constriction of blood vessels, increased blood pressure, increase in appetite

Which plant is said to have aphrodisiac properties, relieve anxiety, induce sleep, and cause muscular paralysis? A. atropine B. mandrake C. henbane D. scopolamine

Which region has marijuana been linked to the greatest amount of psychiatric problems? A. United States B. India and North Africa C. Korea D. China

Which statement is NOT true? A. Many deaths occur because the potency of heroin sold on streets can vary from 0 percent to 90 percent. B. 95 percent of heroin-related deaths are caused by taking heroin alone. C. The environmental setting that heroin is taken in has an effect on the user. D. Heroin related deaths can happen so fast that victims sometimes are found with a needle still in their veins.

Which statement is TRUE? A. morphine is absorbed into the brain faster than heroin B. heroin is absorbed into the brain faster than morphine C. heroin and morphine are absorbed equally as fast into the brain D. heroin and morphine cannot be absorbed into the brain because neither can pass through the blood-brain barrier

William Halstead studied A. the history of coca-leaf chewing in South America B. the effect of cocaine as an anesthetic C. ways to avoid cocaine dependence D. the formula for Coca-Cola and came up with Pepsi-Cola.

With regard to smoked marijuana, A. absorption is fast; excretion is fast B. absorption is fast; excretion is slow C. absorption is slow; excretion is fast D. absorption is slow; excretion is slow

Developing dependence on heroin A. is so rapid it can occur after just one intravenous injection. B. seems to require three or more injections per day for several days. C. takes at least a month of use at relatively high doses. D. depends more on the dose than on how often the drug has been used.

Amphetamines have been taken by all of the following individuals or groups of individuals EXCEPT for A. long-distance truck drivers B. students studying for exams C. people trying to fall asleep more easily D. people trying to lose weight

An example of an anticholinergic drug is A. LAA B. mescaline C. atropine D. harmine

An important application of THC has been as one of the following: A. appetite suppressant B. anti-inflammatory drug C. antiemetic drug D. anticholinergic drug

Analogy: Windowpanes are to blotters as A. microdots are to LSD B. pellets are to cartoon characters C. gelatin chips are to squares of absorbent paper D. alcohol is to nicotine

"On the nod" is a term used to describe A. injecting heroin into the bloodstream B. heroin addicts C. the tranquil drowsiness that heroin induces D. the "rush" of intense euphoria from taking heroin

A decline in memory recall is A. largely a myth with respect to marijuana smoking B. an effect that is limited to chronic marijuana smokers C. a characteristic feature of marijuana smoking D. associated ironically with an improvement in overall memory

A disease or disorder for which a narcotic drug is quite helpful as a treatment is A. itching of the skin B. alcohol withdrawal symptoms C. dysentery D. difficulty in defecation

A disorder characterized by increased motor activity and reduced attention span is called A. amphetamine psychosis B. narcolepsy C. attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder D. activity-enhanced hypoattentional disorder

A drink called ayahuasca, sometimes used by shamans in healing rites, contains A. DMT B. atropine and scopolamine C. harmine D. mescaline

A hallucinogen that is chemically similar to norepinephrine is A. LSD B. harmine C. mescaline D. PCP

A hallucinogen with effects that last approximately one hour is A. psilocybin B. bufotenine C. DMT D. harmine

A kindling effect A. is another name for tolerance B. means that an abuser is increasingly less sensitive to a drug C. is essentially a reverse tolerance effect D. is necessary when building a campfire

A massive release of histamine can cause A. extreme dehydration and skin-itching B. an increased risk of hepatitis C. sudden death D. mild convulsions of the arms and legs

A recently developed sustained-release version of buprenorphine is administered A. once-per-day B. once-per-week C. once-per-month D. once every two weeks

According to Shakespeare, Hamlet's father was poisoned by A. a combination of atropine and scopolamine B. mandrake C. henbane D. Ophelia

According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health in 2007, it was found that ____ of the U.S population over the age of 12 have used marijuana at least once in their lives. A. three-fourths B. 10 percent C. 40 percent D. one-quarter

Acute effects of marijuana can worsen the following medical confition A. abnormally low blood pressure B. clinical obesity C. arteriosclerosis D. Type A syndrome

Although pain relief is now the major medical use for opioids, they have been used to save many lives (especially in underdeveloped countries) because of their ability to A. decrease violent behavior. B. lower blood pressure. C. counteract diarrhea. D. decrease bleeding.

Among forty-five-year-ld Americans who have attained at least a high school education, approximately ____ percent have tried marijuana at least once in their lives. A. 25 B. 60 C. 75 D. 80

Opium poppies are NOT A. white B. pink C. yellow D. purple

Anandamide is another name for A. THC-sensitive receptor B. a naturally occurring hallucinogen C. a naturally occurring THC D. a combination of B and C

Angel dust is a street name that refers to A. LSD B. LAA C. PCP D. DMT

Asthma sufferers need to be very careful after taking therapeutic doses of morphine because A. the antitussive effects might be too extreme B. they might become nauseated C. respiration will be depressed D. the increase in hydrochloride acid will exacerbate their asthmatic symptoms

At the current time, most of the heroin in the U.S. originates from poppy fields in A. Afghanistan. B. Laos and Thailand. C. Colombia and Mexico. D. China.

Buprenorphine treatment is useful because A. it can be administered in methadone maintenance center B. it can be administered on a monthly dosage schedule C. it can be administered in a physician's office D. it enhances the effect of methadone

By 1890, the hemp crop had been replaced by _____ as a major source of farm income in the U.S. South. A. opium B. rice C. cotton D. rye

By the beginning of the 20th century, a greater percentage of Americans were dependent on opioids than at any time before or since. Opium smoking and medical use of injected pure morphine were important contributors to this, along with A. intravenous use of heroin. B. the growth of organized crime syndicates. C. patent medicines containing opium extracts or morphine. D. alcohol prohibition.

Cannabis indica seems to have more psychoactive potency, whereas Cannabis sativa is more associated with A. pain relief. B. bad trips. C. hemp. D. making grain alcohol.

Chipping refers to A. the adulteration of heroin with pulverized wood B. the introduction of a young person to heroin abuse C. the practice of controlled or paced heroin abuse D. the technique of gradually reducing the dose of heroin over repeated administrations to avoid symptoms of withdrawal

Coca paste contains about ____ pure cocaine A. 2 percent B. 40 percent C. 60 percent D. 99 percent

Cocaine abusers develop a pattern of _____ in motor behavior and brain excitation A. desensitization B. tolerance C. sensitization D. irritability

Constipation is a symptom of A. heroin withdrawal B. heroin overdose C. heroin abuse in general D. heroin "criss-crossing"

DOM when combined with LSD has been called A. ecstasy B. a speedball C. STP D. POT

Decriminalization of possession of marijuana typically applies to A. amounts of 10 ounces or less B. amounts of more than 10 ounces C. amounts less than one ounce or so D. any amount

Depression following the withdrawal of the cocaine can lead to A. quitting cocaine B. a paradoxical feeling of euphoria C. suicide D. severe stomach cramps, nausea, and vomiting

Dextromethorphan is a nonaddictive, nonopiate drug, useful as a A. analgesic medication B. paregoric-like antidote to alcohol intoxication C. antitussive medication D. anticholinergic drug for muscle spasms

Drugs that closely resemble all of the following neurotransmitters except ______ comprise the three principal categories of hallucinations. A. serotonin B. norepinepherine C. dopamine D. acetylcholine

Ecstasy, XTC, Clarity, and Adam are all names that have been used for the following hallucinogen: A. LSD B. mescaline C. MDMA D. psilocybin

Endorphins is a shortened term for A. endogenous phenophins B. endogenous opioid polypherases C. endogenous opioid peptides D. endogenous origenase proteins

Fentanyl is an example of a(n) A. form of Mexican heroin B. opiate antagonist used in heroin abuse treatment C. synthetic opiate D. drug that masks the symptoms of heroin abuse

Flashbacks following LSD ingestion A. has proved to be largely a myth B. is a consistent feature of the LSD experience C. can occur with "once-only" drug takers as well as experienced ones D. is most likely to occur the next day

Freud eventually realized that cocaine A. was indeed the wonder drug that he originally thought it was B. was structurally similar to heroin and other opiates C. was a drug with a dangerous potential for dependence D. would lead to dependence upon crack cocaine

Friedrich Sertumer is credited with being the discoverer of A. heroin B. laudanum C. morphine D. codeine

Frisco special or Frisco speedball is a street name for a combination of A. cocaine and amphetamines B. cocaine and heroin C. cocaine, heroin, and LSD D. heroin, LSD, and PCP

From around 1680 to around 1880, the acceptable form of taking opium among Europeans and Americans was A. smoking B. injecting it C. drinking it D. smoking it

Given that marijuana does not depress respiration, one would expect an absence of THC_sensitive receptors in the A. cerebellum B. cerebral cortex C. medulla D. spinal cord

Hallucination effects of DMT peak after ___ of taking DMT. A. 10 to 30 seconds B. 3 to 5 minutes C. 10 to 15 minutes D. 30 to 40 minutes

Hashish refers to A. low-grade marijuana made from leaves. B. a mixture of marijuana and opium. C. pure cannabis resin. D. any smokable form of cannabis.

Heavy methamphetamine users have shown changes in the brain commonly associated with A. schizophrenia B. heroin abuse C. Parkinson's disease D. narcolepsy

If you were to order the following from the strongest to least strong, it would be A. morphine, heroin, opium B. morphine, opium, heroin C. heroin, morphine, opium D. heroin, opium, morphine

Opium smoking was invented by A. Paracelsus B. Galen C. the Chinese D. Greek Cypriots

Impressions of great creativity while under LSD A. are often genuine B. are even greater when LSD has worn off C. usually are not borne out when the LSD has worn off D. has produced some of the great artworks of the 1960s.

In 1903 ____ coca-cola A. introduced pure cocaine into its cola ingredients B. removed the alcohol from its cola ingredients C. switched decocainized coca leaves into its ingredients D. carbonated the beverage

In 1985, the FDA approved the sale of dronabinol (Marinol), which A. is a cannabis antagonist. B. is an effective treatment for cannabis dependence. C. is a capsule containing THC. D. reduces appetite.

In 2007, nearly of Americans (48 percent) reported that the prescription pain reliever been obtained: A. with their own prescription from a physician B. by stealing it C. free from a friend or relative D. by purchasing it on the street

In a heroin user, negative reinforcement of drug-taking behavior can occur when A. the user overdoses and almost dies. B. the person is trying the drug for the first time. C. withdrawal symptoms are alleviated by another injection. D. the user sees a needle or syringe.

In contrast to LSD, mescaline and DOM are A. closely related to serotonin B. closely related to acetylcholine C. closely related to norepinephrine D. similar in their behavioral effects to heroin

In its earliest medical application, the herb which amphetamines are derived was used as a treatment for A. constipation B. depression C. asthma D. heart failure

Infected rye grain can result in symptoms of A. panic attack B. intoxication C. ergotism D. mescalinism

Initial cocaine levels are to ____ as diminishing cocaine levels are to _____ A. depression; panic attack B. irritability; despondency C. burst of energy; irritability D. depression; burst of energy

It is doubtful that a decline in a marijuana smoker's interest in academic matters A. is psychological in nature B. is expectation-based C. is pharmacological in nature D. can be supported by the research data

Ketamine is chemically similar to A. serotonin-related hallucinogens B. MDMA C. PCP D. DOM and DMT

LSD and psilocybin belong to the chemical grouping of A. benzodiazepines. B. cholinomimetics. C. indoles. D. steroids.

LSD is considered to be the most potent psychoactive agent known to man because A. it produces such powerful effects on the mind. B. it is so toxic. C. it produces effects at such low doses. D. its effects are so long-lasting.

LSD was accidentally discovered in a program of research focusing upon efforts to reduce A. schizophrenic symptoms B. the abuse potential of sleeping pills C. bleeding in uterine muscle D. symptoms of heroin withdrawal

LSD was synthesized from alkaloids derived from A. banana skins. B. mushrooms. C. ergot fungus. D. toad skins.

Marco Polo first introduced Europe to stories of the "hashishiyya," from which the word _______________ seems to have developed. A. has-been B. sheesh C. assassin D. hatchet

Marijuana has been effective in treating all but which of the following conditions? A. glaucoma B. asthma C. epilepsy D. weight loss

Marijuana is the only drug A. that enhances one's creativity B. that significantly diminishes motor skills C. that takes practice before effects are felt reliably D. with effects that become stronger when combined with alcohol

Medical professions recoment that a cocaine abuser wishing to quit should A. reduce the amount of cocaine ingested gradually B. maintain one's lifestyle, only without cocaine C. avoid situations that cause drug urges D. undergo a fasting diet to get rid of the residual effects of cocaine

Methadone is taken ___ and LAAM is taken ____. A. daily; weekly B. three times a week; monthly C. daily; three times a week D. weekly, three times a week

Morphine is roughly ____ times stronger than raw opium. A. 2 B. 4 C. 10 D. 50

Morphine, codeine, and thebaine are all natural components of A. heroin B. CNS depressants C. opium D. coca leaves

Morphine-sensitive receptor concentrations in the limbic system make sense in order to account for the following aspect of the heroin experience: A. pain-killing B. constipation and intestinal slowing C. euphoria D. respiratory distress

Most of the symptoms of heroin withdrawal are gone in A. 12 to 24 hours B. 24 to 48 hours C. 5 to 10 days D. 30 to 60 days

Narcotic overdose (o.d.) conditions can be reversed by administering A. antianxiety medication B. morphine C. naloxone D. synthetic opiates

Narcotics are defined as A. any illicit psychoactive drug B. any drug that causes some degree of dependence C. drugs that produce a dream-like effect D. both A and B

Needles are avoided by the following route of administration: A. subcutaneous B. intravenous C. snorting D. none of the above

New forms of heroin in the 1990s A. are considerably weaker than types available in the 1970s B. can be administered orally C. can be snorted or smoked D. can be injected into arteries as well as veins

One of the beneficial effects of narcotic drugs is in the treatment of A. persistent constipation B. glaucoma C. persistent coughing D. chronic depression

Operation Golden Flow was a name referring to A. the introduction of a new brand of beer for military personnel stationed 2 overseas B. the code name for a government-sponsored crackdown on heroin abuse in the 1960s C. the program of drug-testing among soldiers scheduled to return home from Vietnam D. the nickname for an international cartel controlling heroin smuggling into the United States

Ordering opiates from strongest to least strong would be the following: A. codeine, thebaine, morphine B. thebaine, codeine, morphine C. morphine, codeine, thebaine D. codeine, morphine, thebain

PCP was patented as Sernyl and first tested as A. a treatment for alcohol dependence. B. a calming agent for nervous pets. C. a dissociative anesthetic. D. an antidepressant.

Papaver somniferum is the scientific name for A. methadone. B. the willow tree. C. the opium poppy. D. a research group studying sleep disorders.

Patent medicines in the 19th century, such as Mrs. Winslow's Soothing Syrup, were based upon A. alcohol B. LSD C. opium D. a combination of alcohol and nicotine

Peak levels of THS in the blood occur about ___ after taking the drug. A. 5 to 15 seconds B. 3 minutes C. 10 minutes D. 30 minutes

Present-day marijuana contains A. about half the THC as marijuana during the 1960s and 1970s B. 1-2 percent THC C. approximately 6-8 percent THC D. in the neighborhood of 12 to 14 percent THC

Prior to the 18th century, the Chinese used opium almost exclusively as a treatment for A. constipation B. asthma C. diarrhea and pain D. cocaine withdrawal

Professional artists and musicians under the influence of LSD A. produce better, more creative work B. have more difficulty being creative C. show no significant difference in the quality of their work as compared to not being under the influence of LSD D. show more of a tendency to later suffer from "writer's block"

Psilocybin dosages are typically expressed in terms of A. nanograms B. micrograms C. milligrams D. grams

Psychedelic trips occur between ______ after LSD is taken. A. 10 minutes to 15 minutes B. 20 minutes to 45 minutes C. 30 minutes to 2 hours D. 2 hours to 4 hours

Psychedelic-era marijuana joints are to _____ as present marijuana joints are to A. 1 to 2 percent THC; 8 percent THC B. 5 percent THC; 9 percent THC C. 1 to 2 percent THC; 6 percent THC D. 0.5 percent THC; 1 to 2 percent THC

Psychological effects of cocaine can be described as A. parasympathetic activation B. sympathetic inhibition C. sympathetic activation D. sympathetic inhibition followed by activation

Recently, problems have been observed with the recreational abuse of which of the following prescriptions medications? A. heroin B. cocaine C. Ritalin D. penicillin

Since 1999, ketamine has been classified as a(n) A. Schedule I controlled substance B. Schedule II controlled substance C. Schedule III controlled substance D. over-the-counter drug

Studies in the mid-1970s indicated that of the American soldiers who used heroin on a regular basis in Vietnam, A. about 50 percent continued after returning home B. about 50 percent ended up as drug-abuser counselors C. very few of them continued after returning home D. heroin use increased after returning home

Synthetic opiates A. are chemically related to morphine B. produce behavioral effects that are different from effects produced by opiates C. are opiate-like in their actions D. have no potential for abuse

THC has been found to be A. more effective than other treatments for glaucoma B. more effective than other treatments for asthma C. as effective as other treatments for glaucoma or asthma D. less effective than other treatments for glaucoma or asthma

Taken orally, LSD A. is absorbed so rapidly that effects are felt within 60 seconds B. effects can last for up to a week C. effects begin within 30 to 60 minutes D. sometimes fails to produce any effects at all

Ted just took a hallucinogenic drug and is experiencing auditory hallucinations. Which hallucinogen is Ted most likely to have taken? A. LSD B. DMT C. LAA D. psilocybin

The 2005 decisions by the US Supreme Court to ban the use of medical marijuana on the federal level was due to A. the inability of the medical community to convince the court of the medical benefits of marijuana B. the belief by the court that the medical benefits of marijuana could be reasonably obtained from legal sources C. the court's assertion that it was within their right to regulate interstate commerce D. the fear that once marijuana could be legally prescribed by doctors, this privilege would quickly be open to abuse

The Marijuana Tax Act, the first federal law regulating cannabis, was passed in A. 1906. B. 1914. C. 1937. D. 1965.

The RAVE Act of 2003 A. made Ecstasy illegal B. led to the reintroduction of Ecstasy for therapeutic purposes C. introduced restrictions on dance clubs D. all of the above

The acute effects of amphetamine closely resembles the acute effects of A. heroin B. most CNS depressants C. cocaine D. serotonin-related drugs

The acute effects of heroin can be affected by A. whether or not communities are enforcing local drug laws B. how greatly heroin raises the level of testosterone C. the level of tolerance in the user to heroin D. the degree to which hearing loss is produced

The advice, "Turn on, tune, in, and drop out," is attributed to whom? A. Albert Hofmann B. Jerry Garcia C. Timothy Leary D. Aldous Huxley

The anticholinergic plant with a forked root that is mentioned in the Bible is A. aeyote. B. ayahuasca. C. mandrake. D. bufotenin.

The combination of two plants, one containing DMT and the other containing harmaline (an MAO inhibitor), is used in the Amazon region and called by its Quechuan name, A. psilocybin. B. mescal. C. ayahuasca. D. amanita.

The cough reflex center is located in the A. pons B. substantia nigra C. medulla D. forebrain

The current dominant importers and distributors of heroin in the United States are A. American organized crime families B. urban teens C. immigrant smuggling networks D. none of the above

The description of marijuana as a "killer weed" dates back to A. the late nineteenth century B. approximately 1750 C. the late 1920s and early 1930s D. the 1960s immediately after the re-release of the film Reefer Madness

The earliest recorded use of opium as a medicine was probably by A. the British, around 1600 AD. B. Portuguese explorers, around 1400 AD. C. Egyptians, around 1500 BC. D. Romans, around 600 AD.

The experiences of Ernst Von Fleischl-Marxow were an example of A. successful cocaine therapy B. unsuccessful marketing of a coca-flavored beverage C. a severe cocaine-induced psychosis D. unsuccessful treatment for depression

The first deliberate testing of LSD involved a dosage A. approximately equivalent to levels ingested during the 1970s B. 100 times the typical dose for LSD C. 5 times the typical dose for LSD D. much smaller than the typical dose for LSD

The following hallucinogens are ranked in order of potency (from highest to lowest): A. mescaline, LSD, DOM B. DOM, mescaline, LSD C. LSD, DOM, mescaline D. LSD, mescaline, DOM

The highest THC concentrations are achieved in the following cannabis product: A. sinsemilla B. hashish C. hashish oil crystals D. marijuana

The idea that drug tolerance is a way of explaining the gateway hypothesis is referred to as the _____ school of though. A. sociocultural B. expectation C. intrinsic D. conservative

The idea that marijuana leads to abusing others drugs is known as ____ A. the copycat drug hypothesis B. the pyramid hypothesis C. the gateway hypothesis D. the snowball hypothesis

The percentage of current illicit drug users who smoke marijuana is approximately A. 100 percent B. 11 percent C. 75 percent D. 37 percent

The plant from which marijuana is derived was originally used for making A. a bitter-tasting wine B. an aromatic perfume C. rope and twine D. a cinnamon-flavored drink 7.6

The red and white speckled mushroom that has been associated with an early Christian cult as well as with other religions all over the world is A. datura inoxia. B. psilocybe cubensis. C. amanita muscaria. D. mescal.

The respiratory effects of a single marijuana joint is equivalent to up to ___ tobacco A. 2 B. 4 C. 5 D. 10

The rush of a "heroin high" is avoided with methadone because A. it is taken orally B. it is taken on a daily basis C. it is absorbed slowly and metabolized slowly D. it cannot bind itself to endorphin-sensitive receptors

The stimulant properties of amphetamines were considered superior to that of cocaine because amphetamines A. were less easily absorbed by the bloodstream B. produced effects over a shorter period of time C. could be taken orally D. have higher stimulant properties when taken on a full stomach

The thrill for a chronic heroin abuser to insert a needle with an empty syringe into the skin is an example of The thrill for a chronic heroin abuser to insert a needle with an empty syringe into the skin is an example of A. needle freaking rebound B. REM rebound C. conditioned learning D. a reverse placebo effect

To help alleviate nausea and vomiting patients receiving morphine are advised to A. walk around immediately B. drink orange juice C. lie still D. sip water

To support the costs of heroin abuse, a drug dealer might pay a heroin abuser for working in what form of payment? A. foreign currency B. groceries C. heroin D. vouchers that can go for rent money

Two drugs used to reduce the distress of heroin withdrawal are A. paregoric and benzodiazepines B. Seconal and buspirone C. propoxyphene (Darvon) and methadone D. additional heroin combined with a sedative

Two widely prescribed drugs for the treatment of ADHD are A. Methedrine and Dexedrine B. Ephedrine and antihistamines C. Ritalin and Adderall D. Dexedrine and Ephedrine

Vicodin and Oxycontin are examples of A. NSAIDs. B. narcotic antagonists. C. prescription opioids that are being misused and abused at increasing rates. D. fake drugs sold over the Internet that are actually placebos.

What is criss-crossing? A. method used to inject heroin into specific veins B. the slang term that refers to the marks needles leave on the skin C. inhaling alternating lines of heroin and cocaine D. smoking heroin which is mixed with cocaine

What is the most characteristic reaction when using cocaine? A. a calming sleep-like sensation B. disorientation C. a powerful burst of energy D. a hallucinogenic state

What should you do if you are with a person who is having a "bad trip" on LSD? A. turn out all the lights to create a dark environment B. tell the person to remain still and not move until the trip is over C. speak in a relaxed manner and assure the person the situation is temporary D. increase the noise level to "drown out" the trip

When first testing LSD, Hofmann A. did not react in any way B. felt the sensation of bugs on his skin C. experienced hallucinations D. fell into a deep sleep for several hours

Which aspect of marijuana ingestion represents the risk factor for worsening symptoms of asthma? A. the presence of acetone B. the presence of nicotine C. the deep breathing process in marijuana smoking D. the age of the typical marijuana smoker

Which characteristic is not a physiological effect of cocaine? A. dilated pupils B. increased heart rate C. increased appetite D. sweatiness and a pale appearance

Which contains the highest concentration of cocaine? A. coca leaves B. coca paste C. cocaine hydrochloride D. bazuco-type cocaine

Which of the following CANNOT be said about the methamphetamine epidemic A. Meth abuse has been concentrated in mostly non-urban areas. B. The meth epidemic has led to an increased number of foster children. C. As of 2006, domestic meth lab seizures have been declared illegal. D. A recent shift from domestic to international trafficking of meth has occurred.

Which of the following are characteristic of the amotivational syndrome? A. an increase in energy B. less interest in activities, but no effects on relationships C. loss of energy D. both B and C

Which of the following has NOT been found as an effect of regular marijuana use? A. Decreased testosterone levels in men. B. Decreased sperm counts in men. C. Increased testosterone levels in men. D. Increased heart rate in men and women.

Which of the following has been a medical application of amphetamine? A. treatment for insomnia B. appetite enhancement C. bronchial dilator D. CNS depressant

Which of the following is NOT a slang term for methamphetamine? A. meth B. speed C. prank D. crank

Which of the following is NOT true about the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937? A. It taxed the growers and distributors. B. It taxed the buyers and the sellers. C. It did not outlaw Cannabis. D. It made C. sativa illegal.

Which of the following is a physiological effect of marijuana? A. constriction of blood vessels in the cornea B. increased salivation C. an increase in heart rate D. a craving for pretzels and other snacks

Which of the following is true? A. the amotivational syndrome supports the gateway hypothesis B. there is a direct causal link between marijuana and lifestyle problems C. research shows high school students who smoke marijuana miss more classes than other students D. a loss of energy is not characteristic of the amotivational syndrome

Which of the following terms has NOT been used to define LSD? A. psychomimetic B. psychodysleptic C. psychodiuretic D. psycholytic

Which statement concerning opium use in the 19th century is NOT true? A. opium use was more popular with women than with men B. federal laws were made prohibiting opium smoking only C. opium usage in the United States was drastically different than that of Britain D. products containing opium were available through Sears catalogs

While marijuana smoking prevalence rates have increased since 1990 and 1991, the prevalence rates are stil lower than those reported in A. the late 1960s B. the early 1980s C. the late 1970s D. at any earlier period of time

______ placed restrictions on cocaine sales in the US A. The Proprietary and Patent Medicine Act of 1908 B. The Parke-Davis Act of 1904 C. The Harrison Act of 1914 D. all of the above

cannabis plants having the highest resin content would most likely grow in the following climate A. hot and wet B. cool and wet C. hot and dry D. cool and dry

"China White" is A. 10 to 1,000 times stronger than heroin B. a chemical modification of fentanyl C. a form of "black tar" D. both A and B

"Pinpoint pupils" is a term referring to A. an important diagnostic sign for narcotic abuse B. pupillary constriction C. an acute effect of heroin intake D. all of the above

"Shrooms" refers to A. mescaline mushrooms B. environments suitable for an LSD experience C. fungus attached to moldy rye grain D. psilocybin

A drawback of urine testing for the presence of THC is A. the test cannot show exactly when exposure occurred B. the test cannot determine if the person actually smoked marijuana C. some types of marijuana have an ingredient which counters the effects of THC, resulting in a negative test result D. both A and B

A great number of studies have consistently reported that smoked marijuana and oral THC both produce A. permanent impairments in short-term memory. B. lung cancer. C. reduced immunity to diseases. D. increased total daily food intake.

A hallucinogen considered to carry the risk of permanent brain damage is A. DOM B. DMT C. LAW D. none of the above

A study conducted with twins, cited in the text, found that early marijuana users were A. four times more likely to use cocaine later in life B. five times more likely to use hallucinogens later in life C. two and a half times more likely to use heroin later in life D. all of the above

ADHD generally affects A. children of lower-than-normal intelligence B. children in gifted and talented programs C. more than 70 percent of the general population D. more boys than girls

According to the text, how long is a heroin user "on the nod" after heroin use? A. 20-30 minutes B. 45-60 minutes C. 1-2 hours D. 3-4 hours

According to the text, many former heroin abusers become dependent on A. alcohol B. cocaine C. methamphetamine D. all of the above

According to the text, marijuana use among adolescent males increases the risk of _____ late in adolescence. A. not using condoms during sex B. having multiple sexual partners C. having problems with cigarettes and alcohol D. all of the above

According to the text, the reason why most Vietnam veteran heroin users did not continue using heroin when they came home is due to A. lack of environmental cues B. lack of motivational factors C. unavailability of pure heroin in the United States D. both A and B

Adderall, a widely prescribed ADHD treatment drug, contains A. cocaine and amphetamine B. cocaine and coca C. a variety of depressant substances D. dextroamphetamine and amphetamine

Adults with a history of ADHD are more likely than other adults to A. be diagnosed with an antisocial personality disorder B. have been institutionalized for delinquency C. be serving a prison sentence D. all of the above

After using marijuana, a person's blood pressure A. increases B. decreases C. remains the same D. depends on whether the person is sitting, standing, or lying down

All three categories of narcotic drugs share the following common feature: A. an extreme level of dependence B. a chemical similarity to morphine or its derivatives C. represent an illicit street drug D. an ability to produce analgesia

Although cocaine affects the activity level of dopamine and norepinephrine A. only cocaine resembles these neurotransmitters structurally B. only cocaine inhibits serotonin C. cocaine has an inhibitory effect on the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system D. the mechanism for the effect of cocaine on dopamine or norepinephrine is not clear

Amanita mushrooms A. are one of the world's oldest intoxicants B. are also called fly agaric C. contain the active ingredient, ibotenic acid D. all of the above

Amanita mushrooms produce all of the following except A. muscular spasms B. vivid hallucinations C. dizziness D. dehydration

Amendments to federal drug laws in 1965 changed the pattern of amphetamine abuse in the following way: A. injectable amphetamines could now be obtained by forged prescriptions B. phone-in prescriptions were now permitted C. pharmacies were given more freedom to dispense amphetamines D. amphetamines became available from illegal laboratories rather than legitimate pharmacies

Amphetamine abuse symptoms include A. paranoia B. formication C. mood swings D. all of the above

An early Greek physician named Claudius Galen A. was an outspoken opponent of opium abuse B. was strangely uninformed with respect to the medical benefits of opium C. gave only limited approval of opium's benefits D. prescribed opium for practically everything

An inpatient treatment for cocaine abuse is probably best suited for A. a person with very little money B. a person who is highly motivated to quit cocaine C. an elderly person older than 80 years D. a person in denial about his or her cocaine dependence

An intense itching of one's skin and a reddening of the eyes are two acute effects of heroin due to a sudden increase in A. endorphins B. testosterone C. morphine D. histamine

Analogy: LSD is to psilocybin as A. more emotionally intense is to less emotionally intense B. "shrooms" are to brooms C. less strongly visual is to more strongly visual D. both A and C

Analogy: Marijuana is to hashish as _____ A. resin is to leaf B. seed plant is to seedless plant C. strong effect is to weak effect D. leaf is to resin

Analogy: Psilocybin is to _______ as opium is to ________. A. mushrooms; leaves B. leaves; mushrooms C. flowers; mushrooms D. mushrooms; flowers

Anticholinergic drugs produce effects that include A. lowering of body temperature B. decreased blood pressure C. constriction of pupils D. reduction of mucus and saliva

As of 2006, retain stores are required by law to limit the sales of drugs containing A. acetaminophen B. ibuprofen C. amoxicillin D. pseudoepinephrine

Atropine and scopolamine are two hallucinogens that are chemically related to A. serotonin B. norepinephrine C. dopamine D. acetylcholine

Autonomic effects of cocaine can lead to A. cardiac arrhythmia B. cerebral hemorrhage C. congestive heart failure D. all of the above

Behavioral/psychological effects of marijuana last ____ A. 30 to 60 minutes B. 45 to 90 minutes C. 1 to 2 hours D. 2 to 4 hours

Besides hallucinations, mescaline also produces A. sedation and drowsiness. B. analgesia. C. hunger and thirst. D. pupil dilation and increased heart rate and blood pressure.

Bhang is A. a liquid form of cannabis B. a slang term for a marijuana cigarette C. equivalent in potency to a marijuana cigarette D. both A and C

Chronic cocaine abuse results in A. irritability B. depression C. paranoia D. All of the above

Chronic effects of amphetamine include A. paranoia B. compulsive behaviors fixated on trivial aspects of life C. delusions that insects are lodged underneath the skin D. all of the above

Chronic use of cocaine results in A. increased sexual performance B. decreased sexual performance C. loss of sexual desire D. both B and C

Coca-leaf chewing does not result in widespread abuse because A. it is carried out with friends and family only B. the digestive system absorbs the cocaine too rapidly for there to be an effect C. only adults are allowed to chew coca-leaves D. very low doses of cocaine are ingested

Cocaethylene toxicity produces the following symptoms: A. greatly increased heart rate and elevated blood pressure B. prolonged and enhanced euphoria relative to taking cocaine alone C. an increased risk of immediate death D. all of the above

Cocaine effects involve changes in the synaptic activity in A. dopamine and serotonin B. serotonin alone C. dopamine alone D. dopamine and norepinephrine

Cocaine hydrochloride contains about _____ pure cocaine A. 2 percent B. 40 percent C. 60 percent D. 99 percent

Cocaine is A. an aphrodisiac for both acute and chronic cocaine abusers B. an aphrodisiac for chronic cocaine abusers but not for acute cocaine abusers C. an increasingly potent aphrodisiac as cocaine abuse continues D. a drug whose aphrodisiac properties depends heavily on the expectations of the abuser

Compared to marijuana, tobacco contains higher levels of all but which of the following? A. carbon monoxide B. carbon dioxide C. acetone D. ammonia

Concentration difficulties arising from marijuana use A. impairs short-term memory B. impairs long-term memory C. cause fragmented, disjoined speech D. all of the above

Crack cocaine is the result of a relatively safer chemical method because of the treatment with A. kerosene B. ether C. alcohol D. baking soda

Cyanosis is a toxic reaction to the following: A. LSD B. harmine C. mescaline D. Bufo toads

DMT, a short-acting hallucinogen that is usually ineffective when taken orally, is found in A. Jimson weed. B. Mexican mushrooms. C. mescal beans. D. Cohoba snuff.

Decocainized flavor essence is a name for an ingredient in modern-day A. bazuco B. crack cocaine C. Vin Mariani D. Coca-Cola

Difficulties in handling sensory-motor tasks while engaged in marijuana smoking A. are fortunately limited to the period of time in which one is feeling high B. are increased as the marijuana high starts to wear off C. are largely a myth, unsupported by research data D. continue even after the effects of marijuana are no longer felt

Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) A. is a long-acting version of psilocybin B. produces safer acute effects than LSD C. is the only hallucinogen that must be injected D. is a short-acting version of LSD

During the late 1800s, patterns of opium consumption in the United States A. were virtually nonexistent B. was restricted to U.S. states in the South C. was as popular as alcohol among men D. paralleled patterns of consumption in Britain

Ego disintegration is A. also referred to as synesthesia B. felt as if the passage of time has increased or decreased C. the perception of a multilevel reality D. a separation of one's mind from one's body

Ego disintegration is A. reflected in the ability to see images with the eyes closed B. associated with synesthetic experiences C. an early sign of chronic schizophrenia D. a reaction usually occurring in the later portions of the LSD experience

For what purpose was heroin used in the 1890s? A. as a painkiller B. as a cough suppressant C. as a medicine to relieve chest discomfort D. all of the above

Heroin craving begins A. almost immediately following a previous dose B. approximately 24 hours following a previous dose C. approximately 1 hour following a previous dose D. about 4 to 6 hours following a previous dose

Heroin withdrawal is generally life-threatening A. unless carried out under medical supervision B. for older heroin abusers C. for pregnant women D. on only rare occasions

If a drug test was conducted, which case could result in a positive reading? A. someone who smoked marijuana 12 hours ago B. someone who smoked marijuana for the first time three days ago C. someone who did not actually smoke marijuana but was in the same room with a marijuana smoker D. all of the above

In 1996 Compassionate Use Act A. was developed in response to the Supreme Court case of Raich v. Ashcroft B. was developed by individuals who moved to Canada to obtain marijuana C. allowed individuals to gain permits to grow marijuana on their private property D. legalized the use of marijuana for medical reasons within California

In India, bhang has a THC concentration approximating A. hashish B. sinsemilla C. hashish oil D. marijuana

In a study of arrests made in New York City from 1998 to 2007, 90 percent of arrests for marijuana possession involved A. Whites B. Latinos C. females D. males

In he 1500s, a medical drink was introduced, containing opium, wine, and an assortment of spices. The drink became known as A. heroin B. Paracelsus C. morphade D. laudanum

In terms of their psychoactive properties, narcotics include the following drug(s) A. morphine B. cocaine C. opiates in general D. both morphine and opiates in general

Ingestion of LSD A. shows tolerance rapidly B. produces essentially unpredictable reactions C. is a relatively difficult way to get high D. all of the above

It is likely that whether marijuana smoking enhances sexual desire depends upon A. the dosage of marijuana B. expectations of the user C. cultural factors D. all of the above

It is predicted that future secondary school students may use Ecstasy more frequently due to A. "generational forgetting" B. alternative trafficking routes in response to increased surveillance at U.S. airports C. erosion in perceived risk D. all of the above

Jimsonweed seeds or berries are formally known as A. mandrake B. Atropa belladonna C. Amanita muscaria D. Datura stramonium

LSD flashbacks A. are roughly similar to flashbacks following cocaine intoxication B. are extremely rare among "once-only" drug takers C. are predictable roughly on the seventh day following the LSD experience D. are more likely to occur in a darkened room

Long term marijuana users show impairments involving ____. which are irreversible for long-term marijuana users even after abstaining from marijuana smoking for six months. A. memory B. attention C. fertility D. none of the above

Long-term marijuana smokers show cognitive impairment for up to _____ after marijuana smoking. A. 12 hours B. 24 hours C. 2 days D. 3 days

Loperaminde (brand name: Imodium), which is available on an over-the-counter basis, does not produce any psychoactive effects if/because: A. it is used by heroin addicts B. it is taken in moderation C. it is a licit drug D. it cannot cross the blood-brain barrier

Marijuana has been used to help alleviate symptoms associated with A. treatment of AIDS B. treatment of cancer through chemotherapy C. treatment of Crohn's disease D. all of the above

Marijuana has the following reproductive effect: A. a lower sperm count in males B. a lower level of LH secretion in females C. a lower level of testosterone in males D. all of the above

Marijuana is A. a stimulant B. a hallucinogen C. a sedative D. none of the above

Marijuana produces effects that might qualify it to be considered a A. hallucinogen B. sedative C. analgesic D. all of the above

Maximizing THC absorption into the bloodstream requires A. several, short, shallow inhalations B. only a brief inhalation C. not inhaling at all D. long, deep inhalations

Medical marijuana has been legal in Canada since A. 1962 B. 1958 C. 1989 D. 2001

Mescaline is derived from A. psilocybin mushrooms B. the bark of a South American tree C. substances created in a laboratory D. the peyote cactus

Methamphetamine is a popular stimulant of abuse in which regions of the US? A. north and northeast B. Pacific coast C. Atlantic seaboard D. central and western

Mild psychological disturbances and blood pressure and heart rate elevation can be observed up to ___ of stopping heroin use. A. 3 hours B. 10 days C. 30 days D. 6 months

Molecular abnormalities in the respiratory tracts of heavy marijuana smokers have been identified that resemble the changes found in the respiratory tracts of A. heroin abusers B. cocaine abusers C. advanced alcoholics D. cigarette smokers

Most of the resin is in which part of the cannabis plant? A. distributed throughout. B. leaves. C. stems. D. flowering tops.

Multimodality programs for heroin abuse can involve A. Narcotics Anonymous B. vocational guidance and rehabilitation C. psychotherapy D. all of the above

Narcolepsy is A. similar to insomnia in its behavioral features B. a symptom of cocaine psychosis C. a tendency to develop a dependent upon narcotic drugs D. an unpredictable urge to fall asleep

Of all the serotonin-related hallucinogens, the following drug is mostly likely to put you into a trance: A. DMT B. psilocybin C. mescaline D. harmine

One major grouping of hallucinogens typically allows the user to remain in some touch with the real world and to remember much of what he or she experienced. This group of drugs was referred to as the A. narcotics. B. entactogens. C. psychotomimetics. D. phantastica.

Opiate effects in the brain involve A. activity related to acetylcholine B. activity related to GABA C. activity related to norepinephrine and dopamine D. activity unrelated to the above neurotransmitters

Opium during the late 18th and early 19th century was brought into China chiefly by A. American soldiers and sailors B. Japanese explorers C. Spanish and Portuguese missionaries D. British traders

Outbreaks of ice abuse began in the late 1980s in A. San Francisco B. Japan C. South Korea D. Hawaii

Pictures of cartoon characters and mystical symbols can often be found on the following form of street LSD: A. gelatin chips B. microdots C. powder pellets D. squares of absorbent paper

Recently, a sustained-release version of buprenophine has been developed to be administered by injection to heroin abusers in treatment ____. A. once per week B. three times per month C. two times per month D. once per month

Reexperiencing the effects of LSD long after the drug has worn off is referred to as a A. LSD addiction B. LSD overdose C. "bad trip" D. flashback

Ritalin and Adderall are ______ for recreational use A. shredded and smoked B. absorbed through the digestion system C. inserted anally D. crushed and snorted

Siegel and his colleagues have shown in animal studies that tolerance to opioids A. is due to reduced absorption of the drug. B. is not very great. C. occurs after only a single exposure. D. is partly due to conditioned protective reflexes.

Six out of ten illicit drug users in the United States use A. marijuana and cocaine B. marijuana and alcohol C. marijuana and sedatives D. marijuana alone

Studies of the effects of marijuana on automobile driving show A. consistent impairment in experienced and inexperienced users. B. no reliable impairment under a variety of circumstances. C. that chronic marijuana users have a much higher rate of traffic accidents. D. significant impairments when inexperienced users are studied in a laboratory environment.

Symptoms of amphetamine psychosis resemble cocaine psychosis A. in all respects, except for the appearance of paranoia B. in all respects, except for the absence of formication C. in all respects, except for the absence of mood swings D. in all respects

Symptoms of the marijuana high include A. feelings of euphoria B. feelings of sleepiness C. sharpened sense of sound D. all of the above

The 1885 formulation of coca-cola by James Pemberton was similar to Vin Mariani except for the fact that Coca-Cola did not have any _____ in it A. cocaine B. soda water C. caffeine D. alcohol

The 1999 report from the Institute of Medicine suggested that marijuana cigarettes should A. never be made available for medical uses. B. be available for long-term use for a variety of purposes. C. only be used to treat glaucoma. D. be allowed for no more than six months for patients with intractable pain or vomiting.

The Harrison Act of 1914 A. banned opiate use entirely in the U.S. B. banned all psychoactive drugs in the U.S. C. required doctors to pay for their patients' care D. required doctors to pay a small fee for the right to prescribe opiate drugs

The Opium War of 1839-1842 resulted, among other things, in A. the Chinese being allowed to continue to ship opium to India. B. American ships being prevented from trading with China for many years. C. the destruction of all poppy fields in Turkey. D. the island of Hong Kong becoming a British possession.

The ability to reduce intraocular pressure results in a medical application of marijuana for the following disorder: A. asthma B. cataract C. nearsightedness D. glaucoma

The actual content in a typical street dose can vary A. from 60 to 100 percent B. according to the experience of the abuser C. according to how long it has been since the previous dose D. from none at all to 90 percent

The advantage of morphine over opium in the 19th century was that it A. could be purchased more cheaply than opium B. was less irritating to the stomach C. could be self-administered D. could be injected into the bloodstream

The chief advantage of LAAM over methadone is that A. its absorption and distribution totally bypasses the brain B. it is a synthetic narcotic while methadone is not C. it is less dependence-producing than methadone D. it is more long-lasting

The consistency of tolerance effects for marijuana smoking inside of outside the laboratory depends upon A. controlling for the age and culture of the individuals studied B. controlling for expectation effects C. controlling for the experience of the smoker D. controlling for the THC content ingested

The current shift in the U.S. public's attitude towards marijuana laws is probably partly related to which of the following? A. Increasing evidence that marijuana is relatively innocuous. B. Increased use of marijuana among young people. C. A desire to spend federal funds more wisely and gain tax revenue. D. A and C.

The earliest hallucinogen sessions at Harvard University A. were not under medical supervision B. involved Leary taking the hallucinogen along with the experimental participants C. were totally unstructured D. had objective observers reporting the responses of the experimental participants

The extent to which marijuana smoking suppresses the human immune system in a significant way is A. known to be an important risk factor B. higher than any other risk factor associated with marijuana C. an important factor for older individuals D. inconclusive

The flowering tops (buds) of unpollinated female cannabis plants are referred to in the text as A. hashish. B. hemp. C. sativa. D. sinsemilla.

The following cannabis products are rank ordered for THC concentration (highest to lowest) A. marijuana, sinsemilla, hashish, hashish oil B. sinsemilla, marijuana, hashish, hashish oil C. hashish oil, hashish, marijuana, sinsemilla D. hashish oil, hashish, sinsemilla, marijuana

The leading supplier of white powder heroin to the U.S. in the late 1990s is A. Myanmar (formerly Burma) B. Maui C. Costa Rica D. Colombia

The major thrust of early research on LSD was for its A. possible use in treating rheumatism. B. ability to relieve pain. C. ability to reduce cravings for nicotine. D. supposed ability to access the subconscious mind.

The most pronounced levels of tolerance to heroin can be observed in the degree of A. analgesia B. euphoria C. respiratory depression D. all of the above

The only legitimate medical use of cocaine is as a(n) A. bronchial dilator 2 B. antidepressant C. treatment for congestive heart disease D. local anesthetic

The present-day picture of PCP abuse is complicated by the fact that A. it can be taken orally now B. it is been abused by a large proportion of pregnant women C. the media is glamorizing PCP abuse D. more than 100 variations of PCP have been developed

The primary form of amphetamine abuse in recent years is A. d-amphetamine B. l-amphetamine C. Dexedrine D. methamphetamine

The principal reason anticholinergic drugs have little or no street appeal is that they produce A. nausea and headaches B. powerful hallucinations C. a feeling of flying out of control D. amnesia

The reason why cocaine has such extreme effects on the heart is due to A. excitation of the sympathetic system B. inhibition of the parasympathetic system C. inhibition of the autonomic system D. both A and B

The sensation of experiencing sounds as pictures, or of seeing movements produced by musical rhythms, is known as A. tachyphylaxis. B. analgesia. C. homeostasis. D. synesthesia.

The source of psilocybin is a family of A. desert cacti B. dark-red flowers C. ergot seeds D. mushrooms

The term, psychedelic, literally means A. mind-dissolving B. mind-disrupting C. mind and food-oriented D. mind-expanding

There is craving for marijuana to the same degree as there is craving for A. alcohol B. opiates C. sedative-hypnotics D. none of the above

Though THC produces a significant increase in heart rate, there is no conclusive evidence of cardiovascular problems among users who A. are elderly B. are also using other drugs C. already have preexisting disorders (i.e., heart disease) D. under 35 years of age

Timothy Leary originally was a A. shoe salesman B. sociologist C. novelist D. clinical psychologist

Toxicity of MDMA (Ecstasy) involves A. hyperthermia B. dehydration C. agitation and confusion D. all of the above

Two legal prescription drugs containing THC or variations of it are A. dronabinol and paregoric B. Marisol and dronabinol C. anandamide and glaucoma-reducing extract D. dronabinol and nabilone

What completes heroin abusers to continue taking heroin? A. fear of withdrawal symptoms B. craving for heroin's effects C. physical and psychological dependence of heroin D. all of the above

Where are the morphine-sensitive receptors located in the body? A. the spinal cord B. the limbic system of the brain C. the blood stream D. both A and B

Whether the user will have a "good trip" or a "bad trip" depends on A. the setting the drug is taken in B. the expectations the user has for the drug C. the psychological health of the user D. all of the above

Which descriptor is the most negative one with regard to hallucinogens? A. psychedelic B. psychotomimetic C. psychodysleptic D. psycholytic

Which experience might induce a craving in a former cocaine abuser? A. seeing a mound of baby powder B. seeing a mound of sugar C. seeing a mound of white sand D. all of the above

Which is NOT a therapeutic community? A. Daytop Village B. Samaritan Village C. Phoenix House D. Ronald McDonald House

Which of the following are common during the first 24-48 hours after stopping cocaine? A. depression B. severe headaches C. sleep disturbances D. all of the above

Which of the following assertions of chronic marijuana abuse is true? A. chronic exposure to marijuana will impair the immune system B. chronic exposure to marijuana will cause the smoker to experiment with "harder" drugs C. the chances of getting cancer are unaffected by chronic marijuana exposure D. marijuana smoking in adolescence will generally be preceded by experimentation with tobacco and alcohol

Which of the following did NOT occur in the late 1960s and throughout the1970s in the United States? A. Young people began to distrust the government's messages about marijuana B. Grassroots groups such as NORML advocated for changes in laws. C. The American Medical Association recommended the decriminalization of marijuana for personal use. D. Marijuana use among high school students reached an all-time low.

Which of the following has NOT encouraged a shift toward marijuana decriminalization int he United States? A. the American Medical Association B. the American Bar Association C. the state of Minnesota D. forty-one out of the fifty U.S. states

Which of the following is NOT a term for MDMA? A. E B. Clarity C. Adam D. Herbal Ecstasy

Which of the following is true, relative to non-marijuana smokers? A. marijuana smokers are more likely to abuse heroin later in their lives B. marijuana smokers are more likely to abuse cocaine later in their lives C. marijuana smokers are more likely to abuse hallucinogens later in their lives D. all of the above

Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. heroin is odorless so it is easier to smuggle than opium B. obtaining heroin illegally makes the price of heroin more expensive C. heroin is refined from raw opium overseas then transported to the U.S. D. domestic production of heroin is the primary source for heroin abusers in the United States.

Which of the following statements is true? A. marijuana smoking definitely does not lead to cancer B. heavy marijuana users are three times more likely to develop cancer C. marijuana is only linked to cancer in users who also smoke cigarettes D. there is a possibility that stopping marijuana smoking lowers the risk of cancer

Which of the following was NOT a result of the Harrison Act of 1914? A. an increase in illegal smuggling of heroin from overseas B. a change in the demographic profile of a narcotic user C. increased control of narcotic drug supplies crime organizations D. increased smuggling of raw opium into the United States

While opening the doors to a new population of heroin abusers, heroin smoking avoids the problem of A. overdose B. dependence C. combination with cocaine D. HIV-contaminated needles

Why is cocaine not widely used as a local anesthetic? A. There is a chance the cocaine will enter the blood stream. B. There is possibility for abuse. C. Since cocaine breaks down quickly, the effects are brief. D. all of the above

Withdrawal from amphetamines takes approximately A. 2 to 6 hours B. 3 to 6 hours C. 1 to 2 months D. six to eighteen weeks

___ percent of soldiers returned from fighting in Vietnam were regular heroin users. A. Twenty-nine B. Sixty-eight C. Two D. Eleven

the lethal dose/effective dose ratio for marijuana is roughly A. twelve 3 B. twenty C. one hundred D. 20 to 40 thousand

ch. 15 review, BIOL 3303 Chapter 4, Chapter 5, Drugs and Behavior CH6, Chapter 7 Marijuana, ch. 14 review, ch. 13 review

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