Ch. 16

-Erikson and Levinson suggest that ____ changes substantially over the life span.

- personality

Certain factors increase the likelihood of abuse.

-Low SES -Growing up in a violent home -Families with more children have more violence. -Single parent families with lots of stress

-The most frequent pattern of marital satisfaction is ___. -Marital satisfaction begins to ___ after marriage and falls to its lowest point after the birth of children. -Marital satisfaction begins to ___ after the children leave adolescence and reaches its highest point when the kids have left home.

-U shaped -decline -grow

-Overall divorce rate has ____ in the last two decades -However, divorce among couples during midlife is actually ____. -Most divorced people eventually remarry, usually within ____ years.

-declined -rising -2 to 5

According to Daniel Levinson, the early 40s are a period of transition and crisis. -Studying 40 men, Levinson found that adult ___ pass through a series of stages beginning with early adulthood at age 20 and continuing into middle adulthood. -Between 40 and 45 people move into a period Levinson calls the ____, or a time of questioning.

-men -midlife transition

Second marriages are different than first marriages. -____ couples are more mature and realistic. -____ are more flexible. -The divorce rate is slightly ____ for second marriages.

-older -roles -higher

-However, only about ____ of people who were abused or neglected as children abuse their own children. -____ of abusers were not abused as children.

-one-third -two-thirds

-For many, middle age is the time of greatest _____ -_______ is not universal in middle adulthood.

-productivity, success, earning power -job satisfaction

-_____ is prevalent in cultures in which women are viewed as inferior to men. -When women have __ status they become easy targets; when they have ___ status they are threatening to their husbands.

-wife battering -low, high

The 'Big Five' model of personality

1. Openness to experience - Closemindedness 2. Conscientiousness - Undirectedness 3. Extraversion - Introversion 4. Agreeableness - Antagonism 5. Neuroticism - Emotional stability

There has been an increase in the number of young adults who come back to live in the homes of their middle-aged parents, a phenomenon called ____

Boomerang Children

____ is guiding and encouraging future generations; it means looking beyond oneself to the continuation of one's life through others.

Generativity

Erik Erikson suggests that middle adulthood encompasses the period of _____, where people consider their contributions to family, community, work, and society.

Generativity Versus Stagnation

_____ suggest that the timing of particular events in an adult's life, rather than age per se, determine the course of personality development.

Life Events Model

a stage of uncertainty and indecision brought about by the realization that life is finite.

Midlife Crisis

The traditional approach to adult personality development is the _____, which views personality development in terms of fairly universal stages, tied to a sequence of age-related crises.

Normative-Crisis Model

Another trend is that middle-aged couples become the _____, because they must fulfill the needs of both their children and their aging parents.

Sandwich Generation

_____ means people focus on the triviality of their life, and feel they have made few contributions to the world, that their life has counted for little.

Stagnation

Some experience _______, which occurs when highly trained professionals experience dissatisfaction, disillusionment, frustration, and weariness from their jobs

burnout

_____ grandparents are more relaxed, and act as supporters and buddies to their grandchildren.

companionate

According to the _____, abuse and neglect of children leads them to be predisposed to abusiveness as adults.

cycle of violence hypothesis

Some couples experience the ____ when parents have feelings of unhappiness, worry, loneliness, and depression due to their children's departure from home

empty nest syndrome

____ grandparents are actively engaged in grandparenting and have influence over their grandchildren's lives.

involved

George Vaillant suggests that middle adulthood is keeping the _____ 1. Occurs between the ages of 45 and 55 2. Adults seek to find the meaning by accepting the strengths and weaknesses of others. 3. Those who are too rigid become increasingly isolated from others.

meaning versus rigidity stage.

____ grandparents are detached and distant, and show little interest in their grandchildren.

remote