CH 16. The Conquest of the Far West

Mark Twain

Pen name of Samuel Langhorne, nineteenth-century American author and humorist who wrote The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885).

The awe-inspiring qualities of the Western landscape were commonly depicted by painters of the ______ school. Multiple choice question. Hudson River Pueblo Sierra Nevada Rocky Mountain

Rocky Mountain

After the civil War, mos t new settlers to the West came from___________. The east Asia Africa Mexico

The East

The dual labor system that developed in the West was characterized by unequal treatment of ______. Multiple choice question. urban and rural laborers immigrants and naturalized citizens white and nonwhite racial groups union and nonunion workers

white and nonwhite racial groups

Some Plains Indians lived a sedentary life as farmers, but others subsisted on hunting ______, which provided the economic basis for Plains Indians' way of life. Multiple choice question. A .buffalo B. turkeys C. bears D. deer

A .buffalo

Anti-Chinese activities in the latter part of the nineteenth century were the result of the resentment of white workers toward ______. Multiple choice question. Chinese organized crime and its corrupting influence Chinese laborers accepting lower wages Chinese workers for exacting better benefits from employers the secret societies of Chinese immigrants

Chinese laborers accepting lower wages

Anti-Chinese activities in the latter part of the nineteenth century were the result of the resentment of white workers toward ______. Multiple choice question. Chinese organized crime and its corrupting influence the secret societies of Chinese immigrants Chinese laborers accepting lower wages Chinese workers for exacting better benefits from employers

Chinese laborers accepting lower wages

Homestead Act

Federal legislation permitting any citizen or prospective citizen, including those who had once been enslaved, to purchase 160 acres of public land in the western United States for a small fee after living on it for five years.

Rocky Mountain school

Group of late-nineteenth-century painters known for large-scale depictions of western landscapes.

Californios

Hispanic residents of California

The Bureau of___________ __________was established to administer to the reservations..

Indian Affairs

Which of the following are true of the Chinese Exclusion Act? Multiple select question. It was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. It banned Chinese in the United States from becoming naturalized citizens. It resulted in a dramatic decline in the Chinese population in the United States. It was only applied in California. It resulted in a mass deportation of Chinese Americans.

It banned Chinese in the United States from becoming naturalized citizens. It resulted in a dramatic decline in the Chinese population in the United States

Which statement about plains farm life during the late nineteenth century is true? Multiple choice question. It became increasingly profitable for most. It was marked by an active community life. It often lacked any access to the outside world. It was generally admired by the growing urban public.

It often lacked any access to the outside world.

Chinese Exclusion Act

The federal law of 1882 that blocked Chinese immigration and prevented those Chinese already living in America from becoming citizens for ten years

Chinese Exclusion Act

The federal law of 1882 that blocked Chinese immigration and prevented those Chinese already living in America from becoming citizens for ten years.

Turner thesis

The theory articulated by Frederick Jackson Turner in 1893 that westward expansion into the frontier had defined and continually renewed American ideas about democracy and individualism.

How were commercial farmers different from independent ones? Multiple choice question. They were less dependent on bankers. They subsisted on their own crops. They were able to regulate market prices. They focused on both national and world markets.

They focused on both national and world markets.

How did U.S. expansion to California affect most members of the Mexican aristocracy in the region? Multiple choice question. They were protected by the booming cattle business. They lost their land and were forced into poverty and unskilled labor. They united with Native Americans to fight U.S. rule. They were forced into indentured servitude.

They lost their land and were forced into poverty and unskilled labor.

How did the role of Mexicans change in late-nineteenth-century New Mexico? They were banned from owning land They were forced into low-paying jobs. They begaan entering the booming cattle industry Their social status was reduced to below that of Native Americans.

They were forced into low-paying jobs.

Which statements are true regarding commercial farmers on the plains in the late nineteenth century? Multiple select question. They specialized in cash crops. They were not self-sufficient. They were very much in charge of the regulation of production and prices. They were much like the sturdy, independent farmers of myth. They practiced subsistence agriculture.

They were not self-sufficient. They were not self-sufficient.

The slaughter of buffalo herds by white people destroyed Native American peoples' way of life. True false

True

What was a direct result of the landscapes of the Rocky Mountain school? Multiple choice question. economic uncertainty Western tourism tensions with Native American groups federal funding

Western tourism

Why did white opinion of Chinese immigrants change during the 1850s? White people who paid for Chinese indentured servants thought the Chinese were to lazy. Chinese immigrants began refusing to pay mining fees. Whohite people became jelous of the Chinese who prospered especially in the gold mines china banned American immigants from enterung china

Whohite people became jelous of the Chinese who prospered especially in the gold mines

Although they didn't know it, the primary root of the problem for farmers was ______. Multiple choice question. the failure to grow cash crops railroad prices worldwide overproduction a lack of currency

a lack of currency

How did literature express the growing discontent with late-nineteenth-century agrarian life? Multiple choice question. by designing utopias that could be fashioned from the rubble of frontier life by criticizing the dehumanizing aspects of urban life by blaming Native Americans for the history of Western strife by reminiscing about the bygone days of idyllic frontier life

by reminiscing about the bygone days of idyllic frontier life

What cornerstone of Native American culture was directly destroyed by the Dawes Severalty Act? Multiple choice question. individual affiliation to native groups native religious revivals communal property ownership farming society and culture

communal property ownership

Which factors encouraged Western settlement in the nineteenth century? Multiple select question. federal government land policies promise of gold and silver deposits promise of multiculturalism completion of the transcontinental railroad pasture lands for cattle and sheep

completion of the transcontinental railroad pasture lands for cattle and sheep federal government land policies promise of gold and silver deposits

Railroads encouraged Western settlement to ______. Multiple choice question. help defeat the remaining Native American groups create new markets for the goods their lines would transport move people off Eastern land that they could sell for a profit promote individualism and democracy in the United States

create new markets for the goods their lines would transport

Workers in the West had greater____________ than those in the East. racial equality ethnic diversity social mobilty distribution of welth

ethnic diversity

Before the great white migration, indigenous groups on the Pacific Coast supported themselves by participating in agriculture as well as ______. Multiple choice question. hunting buffalo manufacturing goods in factories trading with the English fishing and foraging

fishing and foraging

What were among the major grievances that Western farmers had in the late nineteenth century? Multiple select question. inadequate currency excessive government regulation a lack of land high interest rates raids by Native Americans inflated rail costs

inadequate currency high interest rates inflated rail costs

In 1852, to exclude the Chinese from mining, the California legislature ______. Multiple choice question. made it legal to forcibly remove them from mine plots banned Chinese immigration to California levied a tax on foreign miners disallowed them from using Native Americans as free laborers

levied a tax on foreign miners

What was it that most contributed to agrarian malaise? Multiple choice question. conflicts with ranchers loneliness crop diseases environmental degradation

loneliness

During the 1840s, many Hispanics living in California ______. Multiple choice question. increasingly joined the state's middle class as ranchers and farmers attempted to revive the Spanish mission society by appealing to the Catholic hierarchy in Rome During the 1840s, many Hispanics living in California lost their land and became part of the lower end of the state's working class joined with white Americans to drive indigenous groups out of the regio

lost their land and became part of the lower end of the state's working class

In the 1880s and 1890s, more white Americans entered the Southwest, largely due to the expansion of the region's ______. Multiple choice question. park system civil rights railroads universities

railroads

The farmers' most burning grievance in the late nineteenth century was against the ______. Multiple choice question. banks railroads worldwide markets merchants

railroads

Which of the following best describes commercial farmers of the late nineteenth century? Multiple choice question. powerful locally focused specialized self-sufficient

specialized

In the 1870s, many Western settlers expanded their landholdings by ______. Multiple choice question. working as indentured servants in exchange for land encouraging more Chinese people to immigrate to the area establishing sharecropping deals with the Californios taking advantage of government acts such as the Timber Culture Act

taking advantage of government acts such as the Timber Culture Act

What legislation provided for the gradual elimination of most indigenous land claims and allotted tracts of land to individual owners? Multiple choice question. the Indian Exclusion Act the Indian Reorganization Act the Indian Civil Rights Act the Dawes Severalty Act

the Dawes Severalty Act

After the Civil War, most new settlers to the West came from ______. Multiple choice question. Asia Mexico Africa the East

the East

The single most important facilitator of settlement in the West was ______. Multiple choice question. the construction of the railroad the growth of the cattle industry government land grants gold discoveries

the construction of the railroad