CH 17, Anatomy, Autonomic Nervous System Chapter Review
The neurotransmitter at all synapses neuroeffector junctions in the parasympathetic division of the ANS is
Acetylcholine
All preganglionic autonomic fibers release ____________ at their sympathetic terminals, and the effects are always __________.
Acetylcholine, excitatory
Acetylcholine
All preganglionic fibers
The white ramus communicans
Carries the preganglionic fibers into a nearby sympathetic chain ganglion
Prevertebral
Collateral ganglia
Splancnic
Creaking Leon it fibers to collateral ganglia
Damage to the ventral roots of the first 5 thoractic spinal nerves on the right side of the body would interfere with ability to
Dilate the right pupil
Preganglionic
First neuron
Splancnic nerves
Include preganglionic fibers that go to collateral ganglia
Sympathetic
Long postganglionic fiber
If the visceral signal from the small intestine does not reach the spinal cord, what structures might be damaged?
None of the above
Which of the following ganglia belongs to the sympathetic division of the ANS?
Paravertebral ganglia
The large cells in the Suprarenal mid Doula, which resemble neurons in the sympathetic ganglia,
Release epinephrine and norepinephrine into blood capillaries
Epinephrine
Suprarenal Medela
How do sympathetic chain ganglia differ from both collateral ganglia and intramural ganglia?
Sympathetic chain ganglia are innervated by preganglionic fibers from the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord, and they are interconnected by preganglionic fibers and axons from each ganglion in the chain innervating a particular body segment. The collateral ganglia are part of the abdominal autonomic plexus anterior to the vertebral column. Preganglionic sympathetic fibers innervated collateral ganglia as splancnic nerves. Intramural ganglia (AKA terminal ganglia) are part of the parasympathetic division. They are located near or within the tissues of the visceral organs.
Thoracolumbar
Sympathetic division
Compare the general effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS.
Sympathetic division: - stimulates metabolism - increases alertness - prepares for emergency in "fight or flight" Parasympathetic division: - promotes relaxation - nutrient uptake - energy storage - Rest & repose
What anatomical mechanism is involved in causing a person to blush?
Sympathetic stimulation relaxes vessel walls, increasing blood flow to the skin.
Why are the effects of parasympathetic stimulation more specific and localized than those of the sympathetic division?
The parasympathetic division innervates only visceral structures served by some cranial nerves or line within the thoracic and/or abdominopelvic cavities. The sympathetic division has widespread impact due to extensive collateral branching of preganglionic fibers, which reach visceral organs and tissues throughout the body.
The effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine released by the superarenal glands last longer than those of either chemical when released at neuroeffector junctions. Why?
There are no enzymes to break down epinephrine and norepinephrine in the blood and very little in preferable tissue.
Freaking gliotic fibers of the Anna sympathetic division originate in the
Thoracolumbar spinal cord
Postganglionic fibers of autonomic neurons are usually
Unmyelinated
Describe the general organization of the pathway for visceral motor output.
Visceral motor neurons (AKA preganglionic neuron's) send their axons (AKA preganglionic fibers) from the CNS to synapse on ganglionic neurons, whose cell bodies are located in ganglia outside the CNS.
Putting the ventral roots of the spinal nerve pill two would interrupt the transmission of what type of information?
Voluntary motor output ANS motor output
Visceral motor neurons in the central nervous system
Send axons to synapse on preferably located ganglionic neurons
Sympathetic preganglionic fibers are characterized as being
Short in length and myelinated
Crisis
Sympathetic activation
Paravertebral
Sympathetic chain
Parasympathetic
Terminal ganglia