CH 17, Anatomy, Autonomic Nervous System Chapter Review

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The neurotransmitter at all synapses neuroeffector junctions in the parasympathetic division of the ANS is

Acetylcholine

All preganglionic autonomic fibers release ____________ at their sympathetic terminals, and the effects are always __________.

Acetylcholine, excitatory

Acetylcholine

All preganglionic fibers

The white ramus communicans

Carries the preganglionic fibers into a nearby sympathetic chain ganglion

Prevertebral

Collateral ganglia

Splancnic

Creaking Leon it fibers to collateral ganglia

Damage to the ventral roots of the first 5 thoractic spinal nerves on the right side of the body would interfere with ability to

Dilate the right pupil

Preganglionic

First neuron

Splancnic nerves

Include preganglionic fibers that go to collateral ganglia

Sympathetic

Long postganglionic fiber

If the visceral signal from the small intestine does not reach the spinal cord, what structures might be damaged?

None of the above

Which of the following ganglia belongs to the sympathetic division of the ANS?

Paravertebral ganglia

The large cells in the Suprarenal mid Doula, which resemble neurons in the sympathetic ganglia,

Release epinephrine and norepinephrine into blood capillaries

Epinephrine

Suprarenal Medela

How do sympathetic chain ganglia differ from both collateral ganglia and intramural ganglia?

Sympathetic chain ganglia are innervated by preganglionic fibers from the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord, and they are interconnected by preganglionic fibers and axons from each ganglion in the chain innervating a particular body segment. The collateral ganglia are part of the abdominal autonomic plexus anterior to the vertebral column. Preganglionic sympathetic fibers innervated collateral ganglia as splancnic nerves. Intramural ganglia (AKA terminal ganglia) are part of the parasympathetic division. They are located near or within the tissues of the visceral organs.

Thoracolumbar

Sympathetic division

Compare the general effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS.

Sympathetic division: - stimulates metabolism - increases alertness - prepares for emergency in "fight or flight" Parasympathetic division: - promotes relaxation - nutrient uptake - energy storage - Rest & repose

What anatomical mechanism is involved in causing a person to blush?

Sympathetic stimulation relaxes vessel walls, increasing blood flow to the skin.

Why are the effects of parasympathetic stimulation more specific and localized than those of the sympathetic division?

The parasympathetic division innervates only visceral structures served by some cranial nerves or line within the thoracic and/or abdominopelvic cavities. The sympathetic division has widespread impact due to extensive collateral branching of preganglionic fibers, which reach visceral organs and tissues throughout the body.

The effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine released by the superarenal glands last longer than those of either chemical when released at neuroeffector junctions. Why?

There are no enzymes to break down epinephrine and norepinephrine in the blood and very little in preferable tissue.

Freaking gliotic fibers of the Anna sympathetic division originate in the

Thoracolumbar spinal cord

Postganglionic fibers of autonomic neurons are usually

Unmyelinated

Describe the general organization of the pathway for visceral motor output.

Visceral motor neurons (AKA preganglionic neuron's) send their axons (AKA preganglionic fibers) from the CNS to synapse on ganglionic neurons, whose cell bodies are located in ganglia outside the CNS.

Putting the ventral roots of the spinal nerve pill two would interrupt the transmission of what type of information?

Voluntary motor output ANS motor output

Visceral motor neurons in the central nervous system

Send axons to synapse on preferably located ganglionic neurons

Sympathetic preganglionic fibers are characterized as being

Short in length and myelinated

Crisis

Sympathetic activation

Paravertebral

Sympathetic chain

Parasympathetic

Terminal ganglia


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