ch 17 blood mastering a and p
what is a hematocrit? Hematocrit is the percentage of plasma in a whole blood sample. Hematocrit is the percentage of leukocytes and platelets in a whole blood sample. Hematocrit is the percentage of erythrocytes in a whole blood sample. Hematocrit is the percentage of all formed elements in a whole blood sample.
Hematocrit is the percentage of erythrocytes in a whole blood sample.
Higher viscosity of blood will increase the amount of stress placed on the heart while it is pumping. Viscosity of blood is highest when ________. hemoglobin levels are lowest hematocrit is highest plasma levels are highest HbA1C levels are lowest
hematocrit is highest
What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production? kidney pancreas brain liver
kidney
Which granulated leukocyte is most likely to be active during a bacterial infection? neutrophils monocytes basophils lymphocytes
neutrophils Neutrophils are active in phagocytizing bacteria.
Mature erythrocytes lack a nucleus. True False
true
match fibrinogen or albumin to each statement 1. catalyzes the activation of these molecules present in plasma. 2. Forms the structural framework of a blood clot. 3. The major contributor to plasma osmotic pressure. 4. Makes up most of plasma protein.
1. Fibrinogen: Thrombin catalyzes the activation of these molecules present in plasma. 2. Fibrinogen: Forms the structural framework of a blood clot. 3. Albumin: The major contributor to plasma osmotic pressure. 4. Albumin: Makes up most of plasma protein.
What is the average normal pH range of blood? 7.35-7.45 4.65-4.75 8.35-8.45 7.75-7.85
7.35-7.45
During which event of hemostasis do clotting factors (procoagulants) assist with the transformation of blood from a liquid to a gel? A B C D
D The gelling of blood due to formation of insoluble fibrin occurs during the coagulation stage.
Which of the following is true of the structure of an erythrocyte? Erythrocytes are cell fragments. Erythrocytes are nucleated cells. Erythrocytes can bend and twist to fit through vessels. Erythrocytes are larger than other cells in the blood.
Erythrocytes can bend and twist to fit through vessels.
Basophils increase in number when parasitic invasion occurs. T or F
F
Myeloid stem cells give rise to all leukocytes. T or F
F
Which of the following represents a difference between extrinsic and intrinsic blood clotting pathways? One leads to the production of prothrombin activator and the other does not. One is triggered by tissue damage, while the other cannot be triggered by tissue damage. One involves calcium ions, while the other does not. One is faster than the other.
One is faster than the other. The extrinsic pathway is faster than the intrinsic pathway
Which of the following is FALSE regarding the role of platelets in hemostatic reactions? Platelets do not stick to intact endothelial cells. Platelets adhere to exposed collagen fibers. Platelets release the only chemical factors that can initiate coagulation. Platelets release chemicals that attract and bind other platelets.
Platelets release the only chemical factors that can initiate coagulation. Platelet chemicals initiate the intrinsic pathway, but tissue factors released from damaged endothelium start the extrinsic pathway for coagulation in motion.
Which of these is true of the materials making up the buffy coat in centrifuged blood? They are denser than erythrocytes but less dense than plasma. They are less dense than both erythrocytes and plasma. They are intermediate in density between erythrocytes and plasma. They are denser then plasma and erythrocytes.
They are intermediate in density between erythrocytes and plasma.
Part complete A person with an extremely high count of neutrophils is likely suffering ________. a viral infection a bacterial infection polycythemia anemia
a bacterial infection
Which of the following is NOT a formed element in whole blood? erythrocytes leukocytes albumin platelets
albumin
What part of the body does erythropoietin (EPO) target to increase erythropoiesis? kidneys bone marrow liver lungs
bone marrow
Which leukocyte might you expect to find in higher quantities in a person experiencing allergies? lymphocyte basophil eosinophil neutrophil
eosinophil Eosinophils have a role in causing allergies.
Which of the formed elements is present in the greatest concentration? platelets granular leukocytes erythrocytes agranular leukocytes
erythrocytes
The primary source of RBCs in the adult human being is the bone marrow in the shafts of the long bones. True False
false
Which plasma constituent is the main contributor to clotting? beta globulins fibrinogen albumin alpha globulins
fibrinogen
Which of the following is not a phase of hemostasis? fibrinolysis coagulation vascular spasm platelet plug formation
fibrinolysis
Part complete How many oxygen molecules can be transported by one hemoglobin molecule? two eight four
four
Which of the following plasma proteins is improperly matched with its function? albumin: osmotic pressure alpha globulin: transport of metal ions and fat-soluble vitamins fibrinogen: clotting gamma globulins: lipid transport
gamma globulins: lipid transport
Which of the choices below is the parent cell for all formed elements of blood? polymorphonuclear cell normoblast megakaryocyte hemocytoblast
hemocytoblast
What is the name of the protein found in erythrocytes that transports respiratory gases? hemoglobin antibodies albumin fibrinogen
hemoglobin
Which of the following is NOT a function of blood? distribution hormone production regulation protection
hormone production
Which of the following does NOT stimulate erythrocyte production? erythropoietin a drop in normal blood oxygen levels testosterone hyperventilating
hyperventilating
Which of these develops from lymphoid stem cells? lymphocytes granulocytes erythrocytes monocytes
lymphocytes
Which type of leukocyte is responsible for antibody production? lymphocytes monocytes basophils eosinophils
lymphocytes
On a blood smear slide prepared using Wright's stain, you observe a large cell with a U-shaped nucleus and pale blue cytoplasm. This cell is most likely a(n) __________ eosinophil basophil monocyte lymphocyte
monocyte Monocytes are large and have a "U" shaped nucleus and pale blue cytoplasm.
No visible cytoplasmic granules are present in ________. neutrophils eosinophils basophils monocytes
monocytes
From which cell do the granulocytes descend? myeloblast lymphoid stem cell monoblast promonocyte
myeloblast All three types of granular leukocytes descend from myelocytes.
Which cells of the myeloid stem cell pathway have accumulated granules? monocytes promyelocytes myelocytes myeloblasts
myelocytes Three of the four pathways leading from myeloid stem cells are myelocytes and accumulate granules: eosinophilic, basophilic, and neutrophilic.
When a person has an acute bacterial infection, such as bacterial meningitis or appendicitis, which type of leukocyte increases in number? eosinophils basophils neutrophils lymphocytes
neutrophils
People that have a single allele (gene copy) for sickle cell anemia are typically not sick from the disease and are said to be carriers of sickle cell trait. These people will more often live in the malaria belt of sub-Saharan Africa. The most likely explanation for this is ________. malaria is a cause of sickle cell trait people with sickle cell trait have a better chance of surviving malaria the tropical climate attracts people with sickle cell trait sickle cell trait is passed on to the biting mosquitoes as malaria
people with sickle cell trait have a better chance of surviving malaria
which is the majority of whole blood volume? erythrocytes leukocytes plasma platelets
plasma
What "clot buster" enzyme removes unneeded clots after healing has occurred during fibrinolysis? plasmin fibrin thrombin plasminogen
plasmin As healing progresses, the clot retraction process reduces the size of the clot, while plasminogen is activated into plasmin that digests the fibrin in the clot.
Digesting a clot after it is formed requires activation of what plasma protein by tPA? thrombin fibrinogen plasminogen plasmin
plasminogen Plasminogen is the precursor to plasmin. It is activated by tPA, tissue plasminogen activator.
Which step in hemostasis involves activation of formed elements in the blood? coagulation fibrin production platelet plug formation vascular spasm
platelet plug formation Platelets are formed elements that are activated by damaged tissue. Platelets for a temporary plug preventing blood loss.
Suppose that an individual injects himself with erythropoietin in order to raise his level of endurance, an act that is usually illegal in competitive sports. Which of the following could result? reduced tendency for blood to clot a lower hematocrit decreased blood viscosity polycythemia
polycythemia
Blood reticulocyte counts provide information regarding ________. rate of platelet formation WBC ability to defend the body against disease rate of erythrocyte formation clotting ability of the blood
rate of erythrocyte formation
What triggers erythropoietin (EPO) production to make new red blood cells? a high hematocrit reduced availability of oxygen too many platelets excess oxygen in the bloodstream
reduced availability of oxygen
What is a young, anucleate erythrocyte called? reticulocyte hemopoietic stem cell (hemocytoblast) proerythroblast polychromatic erythroblast
reticulocyte
What protein involved in coagulation provides the activation for the final step in clotting? fibrinogen thrombin fibrin prothrombin activator
thrombin Thrombin catalyzes fibrinogen into fibrin. This is the final step in coagulation.
What factor stimulates platelet formation? plasmin erythropoietin interleukin 2 thrombopoietin
thrombopoietin