ch 17 blood mastering a and p

what is a hematocrit? Hematocrit is the percentage of plasma in a whole blood sample. Hematocrit is the percentage of leukocytes and platelets in a whole blood sample. Hematocrit is the percentage of erythrocytes in a whole blood sample. Hematocrit is the percentage of all formed elements in a whole blood sample.

Hematocrit is the percentage of erythrocytes in a whole blood sample.

Higher viscosity of blood will increase the amount of stress placed on the heart while it is pumping. Viscosity of blood is highest when ________. hemoglobin levels are lowest hematocrit is highest plasma levels are highest HbA1C levels are lowest

hematocrit is highest

What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production? kidney pancreas brain liver

kidney

Which granulated leukocyte is most likely to be active during a bacterial infection? neutrophils monocytes basophils lymphocytes

neutrophils Neutrophils are active in phagocytizing bacteria.

Mature erythrocytes lack a nucleus. True False

true

match fibrinogen or albumin to each statement 1. catalyzes the activation of these molecules present in plasma. 2. Forms the structural framework of a blood clot. 3. The major contributor to plasma osmotic pressure. 4. Makes up most of plasma protein.

1. Fibrinogen: Thrombin catalyzes the activation of these molecules present in plasma. 2. Fibrinogen: Forms the structural framework of a blood clot. 3. Albumin: The major contributor to plasma osmotic pressure. 4. Albumin: Makes up most of plasma protein.

What is the average normal pH range of blood? 7.35-7.45 4.65-4.75 8.35-8.45 7.75-7.85

7.35-7.45

During which event of hemostasis do clotting factors (procoagulants) assist with the transformation of blood from a liquid to a gel? A B C D

D The gelling of blood due to formation of insoluble fibrin occurs during the coagulation stage.

Which of the following is true of the structure of an erythrocyte? Erythrocytes are cell fragments. Erythrocytes are nucleated cells. Erythrocytes can bend and twist to fit through vessels. Erythrocytes are larger than other cells in the blood.

Erythrocytes can bend and twist to fit through vessels.

Basophils increase in number when parasitic invasion occurs. T or F

F

Myeloid stem cells give rise to all leukocytes. T or F

F

Which of the following represents a difference between extrinsic and intrinsic blood clotting pathways? One leads to the production of prothrombin activator and the other does not. One is triggered by tissue damage, while the other cannot be triggered by tissue damage. One involves calcium ions, while the other does not. One is faster than the other.

One is faster than the other. The extrinsic pathway is faster than the intrinsic pathway

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the role of platelets in hemostatic reactions? Platelets do not stick to intact endothelial cells. Platelets adhere to exposed collagen fibers. Platelets release the only chemical factors that can initiate coagulation. Platelets release chemicals that attract and bind other platelets.

Platelets release the only chemical factors that can initiate coagulation. Platelet chemicals initiate the intrinsic pathway, but tissue factors released from damaged endothelium start the extrinsic pathway for coagulation in motion.

Which of these is true of the materials making up the buffy coat in centrifuged blood? They are denser than erythrocytes but less dense than plasma. They are less dense than both erythrocytes and plasma. They are intermediate in density between erythrocytes and plasma. They are denser then plasma and erythrocytes.

They are intermediate in density between erythrocytes and plasma.

Part complete A person with an extremely high count of neutrophils is likely suffering ________. a viral infection a bacterial infection polycythemia anemia

a bacterial infection

Which of the following is NOT a formed element in whole blood? erythrocytes leukocytes albumin platelets

albumin

What part of the body does erythropoietin (EPO) target to increase erythropoiesis? kidneys bone marrow liver lungs

bone marrow

Which leukocyte might you expect to find in higher quantities in a person experiencing allergies? lymphocyte basophil eosinophil neutrophil

eosinophil Eosinophils have a role in causing allergies.

Which of the formed elements is present in the greatest concentration? platelets granular leukocytes erythrocytes agranular leukocytes

erythrocytes

The primary source of RBCs in the adult human being is the bone marrow in the shafts of the long bones. True False

false

Which plasma constituent is the main contributor to clotting? beta globulins fibrinogen albumin alpha globulins

fibrinogen

Which of the following is not a phase of hemostasis? fibrinolysis coagulation vascular spasm platelet plug formation

fibrinolysis

Part complete How many oxygen molecules can be transported by one hemoglobin molecule? two eight four

four

Which of the following plasma proteins is improperly matched with its function? albumin: osmotic pressure alpha globulin: transport of metal ions and fat-soluble vitamins fibrinogen: clotting gamma globulins: lipid transport

gamma globulins: lipid transport

Which of the choices below is the parent cell for all formed elements of blood? polymorphonuclear cell normoblast megakaryocyte hemocytoblast

hemocytoblast

What is the name of the protein found in erythrocytes that transports respiratory gases? hemoglobin antibodies albumin fibrinogen

hemoglobin

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood? distribution hormone production regulation protection

hormone production

Which of the following does NOT stimulate erythrocyte production? erythropoietin a drop in normal blood oxygen levels testosterone hyperventilating

hyperventilating

Which of these develops from lymphoid stem cells? lymphocytes granulocytes erythrocytes monocytes

lymphocytes

Which type of leukocyte is responsible for antibody production? lymphocytes monocytes basophils eosinophils

lymphocytes

On a blood smear slide prepared using Wright's stain, you observe a large cell with a U-shaped nucleus and pale blue cytoplasm. This cell is most likely a(n) __________ eosinophil basophil monocyte lymphocyte

monocyte Monocytes are large and have a "U" shaped nucleus and pale blue cytoplasm.

No visible cytoplasmic granules are present in ________. neutrophils eosinophils basophils monocytes

monocytes

From which cell do the granulocytes descend? myeloblast lymphoid stem cell monoblast promonocyte

myeloblast All three types of granular leukocytes descend from myelocytes.

Which cells of the myeloid stem cell pathway have accumulated granules? monocytes promyelocytes myelocytes myeloblasts

myelocytes Three of the four pathways leading from myeloid stem cells are myelocytes and accumulate granules: eosinophilic, basophilic, and neutrophilic.

When a person has an acute bacterial infection, such as bacterial meningitis or appendicitis, which type of leukocyte increases in number? eosinophils basophils neutrophils lymphocytes

neutrophils

People that have a single allele (gene copy) for sickle cell anemia are typically not sick from the disease and are said to be carriers of sickle cell trait. These people will more often live in the malaria belt of sub-Saharan Africa. The most likely explanation for this is ________. malaria is a cause of sickle cell trait people with sickle cell trait have a better chance of surviving malaria the tropical climate attracts people with sickle cell trait sickle cell trait is passed on to the biting mosquitoes as malaria

people with sickle cell trait have a better chance of surviving malaria

which is the majority of whole blood volume? erythrocytes leukocytes plasma platelets

plasma

What "clot buster" enzyme removes unneeded clots after healing has occurred during fibrinolysis? plasmin fibrin thrombin plasminogen

plasmin As healing progresses, the clot retraction process reduces the size of the clot, while plasminogen is activated into plasmin that digests the fibrin in the clot.

Digesting a clot after it is formed requires activation of what plasma protein by tPA? thrombin fibrinogen plasminogen plasmin

plasminogen Plasminogen is the precursor to plasmin. It is activated by tPA, tissue plasminogen activator.

Which step in hemostasis involves activation of formed elements in the blood? coagulation fibrin production platelet plug formation vascular spasm

platelet plug formation Platelets are formed elements that are activated by damaged tissue. Platelets for a temporary plug preventing blood loss.

Suppose that an individual injects himself with erythropoietin in order to raise his level of endurance, an act that is usually illegal in competitive sports. Which of the following could result? reduced tendency for blood to clot a lower hematocrit decreased blood viscosity polycythemia

polycythemia

Blood reticulocyte counts provide information regarding ________. rate of platelet formation WBC ability to defend the body against disease rate of erythrocyte formation clotting ability of the blood

rate of erythrocyte formation

What triggers erythropoietin (EPO) production to make new red blood cells? a high hematocrit reduced availability of oxygen too many platelets excess oxygen in the bloodstream

reduced availability of oxygen

What is a young, anucleate erythrocyte called? reticulocyte hemopoietic stem cell (hemocytoblast) proerythroblast polychromatic erythroblast

reticulocyte

What protein involved in coagulation provides the activation for the final step in clotting? fibrinogen thrombin fibrin prothrombin activator

thrombin Thrombin catalyzes fibrinogen into fibrin. This is the final step in coagulation.

What factor stimulates platelet formation? plasmin erythropoietin interleukin 2 thrombopoietin

thrombopoietin