Ch. 17 Euro Test
Voltaire
-Best known for his criticism of religious intolerance -Believed that it was okay to believe in anything you want to
publishing industry
-Brought about novels -had enormous impact due to the printing press
Methodism
-Charles Wesley -They were great evangelists
French Physiocrats
-Had a belief in Natural economic laws -They were harsh critics of mercantilism -They said that *wealth was based on land*
Salons
-Informal social gatherings at which writers, artists, philosophes, and others exchanged ideas -"Where wealthy women got together to talk"
Francois Quesnay
-Leader of the Physiocrats -talked about natural economic laws (land is the source of all wealth)
Voltaire was the author of
-Philosophic Letters on the English -Treaties on Toleration -Plays such as Henriade
Enclyclopedia
-Written by Denis Diderot -Includes 28 volumes of articles written by prominent philosophers
the Marquise du Chatelet
-Wrote a translation of Principia -mistress of Voltaire
Montesquieu
-Wrote the "Spirit of Laws" -he thought powers should be separated between 3 branches of government
Antoine Watteau
-painted "Return from Cythera" -it was the pleasure and joy of the aristocratic life
Fontenelle
-provided a link between the scientists and the philosophes -he was called a *scientist philosopher*
Persian Letters
-written by Montesquieu -written to make fun of religion
Condorcet
-wrote Progress of the Human Mind -was killed in the French Revolution
Mozart
-wrote The Marriage of Figaro -died at 35 and penniless
Emile
Beginning of the Romantic movement
Paris
Capital of the Enlightenment
Diderot was an ardent Christian
False
The great scientists of the 17th Century, such as Galileo, Kepler and Newton, pursued their exploration of science in an attempt to question and undermine religion
False
Jaques-Louis David
French Neoclassical painter
In reaction to significant elements of rationalism, in what two countries did some ordinary protestant church members react choose a new religious movement like pietism
Germany and England
Natural laws
God given rights, human rights
Edward Gibbon
Historian who wrote about Ancient Rome
Fontenelle
Popularized a growing skepticism about religion
Although many European rulers desired to emulate the style and grandeur of Versailles, they usually adopted the Baroque-Rococo architectural style rather than the French classical style of Louis XIV
True
John Locke influenced 18th Century enlightenment through his theory of knowledge and his concept of the blank slate (Tabula rasa)
True
Pietism refers to an emphasis on the mystical experience of God as a conduct of faith
True
Rousseau, whose novel, "Emile," emphasized the heart and sentiment, served as a precursor to the romantic movement of the early 19th century
True
Mary Astell
Wrote Serious Proposal to the Ladies that said women were to be better educated
Gothic
architecture
Diesm
belief that God created the world but didn't do much with it after that
Tabula Rasa
blank slate
Gin
cheap and popular alcoholic drink
Haydn
composed "The Creation" and "The Seasons"
Enlightened Thinkers
could be understood by secularists because they applied the scientific method to all aspects of life
Great Schism
council of constance
French Philosophes
included the nobility and the middle class
secularization
much of what was being printed was secular
Novels and Magazines
new literary forms
Glasnost
openness (Soviet Union)
The Jews of 18th century Europe
participated a lot in banking and in commercial activities (commerce)
Pogroms
programs going after the Jews
Kant
said "dare to know"
In the 18th Century, churches, Catholic and Protestant, played a major role in
spiritual and social efforts
Lent
the 40 days before Easter
Genocide
the deliberate extermination of a people
The belief in natural laws underlying all areas of human life led to
the emergence of the "science of man"
What did Adam Smith say about government
the government should not interfere in economic matters (*laissez-faire*)
capital punishment
the legally authorized killing of someone as punishment for a crime.
general will
the social consensus to which the individual was bound (*social contract*)
Beccaria
wanted to have a less brutal approach to justice and punishment
Handel
was very secular but wrote "Messiah"
Gentry
well-to-do English landowners
Adam Smith
wrote "the wealth of nations"
Mary Wollstonecraft
wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Women
Bach
wrote religious music as a way to worship God