Ch 17 Heart Failure Practice Questions

The wife of a patient with heart failure wants to know why everyone is so concerned about the patient's lungs. Which of the following is a correct explanation from the nurse? A)If the heart fails, fluid can back up into the lungs. B)Disorders of the heart and lungs do not affect one another; we are just being extra cautious. C)Heart failure is always brought on by lung problems, so we need to check the lungs regularly. D)Heart failure results in inflammation of the heart, which can compromise lung function.

A)If the heart fails, fluid can back up into the lungs.

What two factors are used to calculate cardiac output? Select all that apply: A. Heart rate B. Blood pressure C. Stroke volume D. Mean arterial pressure

A. Heart rate C. Stroke volume

What conditions below can result in an increased cardiac afterload? Select all that apply: A. Vasoconstriction B. Aortic stenosis C. Vasodilation D. Dehydration E. Pulmonary Hypertension

A. Vasoconstriction B. Aortic stenosis E. Pulmonary Hypertension

Which treatments below would decrease cardiac preload? Select all that apply: A. IV fluid bolus B. Norepinephrine C. Nitroglycerin D. Furosemide

C. Nitroglycerin D. Furosemide

___________ is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle with each beat. A. Cardiac output B. Preload C. Afterload D. Stroke volume

D. Stroke volume

Nurse is reviewing a patient's medications to see whether a negative chronotropic agent has been prescribed. Which of the following will the nurse be looking for based on this information? A)Reduced heart rate B)Increased respiratory rate C)Increased blood pressure D)Increased edema

A)Reduced heart rate

A patient has orthopnea and difficulty sleeping at night. Which of the following would be considered in relation to this disorder? A)Cor pulmonale B)Backward effects right-side heart failure. C)Forward effects of left-side heart failure D)Backward effects of left-side heart failure

D)Backward effects of left-side heart failure

A patient with heart failure is likely to display which of the following? A)A robust, healthy appearance B)Edema, either peripheral or pulmonary C)Adequate heart rate and blood pressure response to stressors D)Frequent dizziness and loss of consciousness early in the disease

B)Edema, either peripheral or pulmonary

A patient has a blood pressure of 220/140. The physician prescribes a vasodilator. This medication will? A. Decrease the patient's blood pressure and increase cardiac afterload B. Decrease the patient's blood pressure and decrease cardiac afterload C. Decrease the patient's blood pressure and increase cardiac preload D. Increase the patient's blood pressure but decrease cardiac output.

B. Decrease the patient's blood pressure and decrease cardiac afterload

Which of the following would lead a nurse to believe that a patient has right heart failure rather than left heart failure? A)Increased jugular vein distention B)Pulmonary edema C)Left ventricular hypertrophy D)Increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

A)Increased jugular vein distention

Jugular vein distention often develops in response to a failing heart. Please place the following events in order that described as development. 1.Blood pools in the right ventricle 2.Right ventricular failure 3.Blood backs up into the superior vena cava 4.Blood backs up into the right atrium 5.Blood backs up into the jugular vein

2.Right ventricular failure 1.Blood pools in the right ventricle 4.Blood backs up into the right atrium 3.Blood backs up into the superior vena cava 5.Blood backs up into the jugular vein

Following the development of left ventricular failure, a patient develops pulmonary edema. Which of the following factors accounts for the formation of this edema? A) Increased hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary capillaries B) Increased oncotic pressure in the pulmonary capillaries C) Decreased hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary capillaries D) Decreased pulmonary capillary permeability

A) Increased hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary capillaries Rationale: As fluid backs up due to heart failure, the hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries increase. When the left heart fails, fluid backs up into the pulmonary capillaries.

A nurse is evaluating a patient in relatively poor health. The greatest risk of developing left ventricular failure arises from which of the following? A)Blood pressure 160/100 mm Hg B)Pulmonary trunk stenosis C)Myocardial infarction in the right ventricle D)Mild rheumatic heart disease

A)Blood pressure 160/100 mm Hg

Stroke volume plays an important part in cardiac output. Select all the factors below that influence stroke volume: A. Heart rate B. Preload C. Contractility D. Afterload E. Blood pressure

B. Preload C. Contractility D. Afterload

1. Which statement below best describes the term cardiac preload? A. The pressure the ventricles stretch at the end of systole. B. The amount the ventricles stretch at the end of diastole. C. The pressure the ventricles must work against to pump blood out of the heart. D. The strength of the myocardial cells to shorten with each beat.

B. The amount the ventricles stretch at the end of diastole.

A patient with hypovolemic shock is given IV fluids. IV fluids will help _________ cardiac output by: A. decrease; decreasing preload B. increase, increasing preload C. increase, decreasing afterload D. decrease, increasing contractility

B. increase, increasing preload

A nurse is reviewing laboratory values and vital signs for a patient with congestive heart failure. Which of the following associations will be correct for the nurse to make? A)In heart failure, blood pressure increases, so aldosterone levels will be low. B)Angiotensin levels will be low due to increased kidney perfusion. C)Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) will be increased due to blood volume overload. D)Blood pressure will be elevated, while heart rate is lower than normal.

C)Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) will be increased due to blood volume overload.

Select the statement below that best describes cardiac afterload: A. It's the volume amount that fills the ventricles at the end of diastole. B. It's the volume the ventricles must work against to pump blood out of the body. C. It's the amount of blood the left ventricle pumps per beat. D. It's the pressure the ventricles must work against to open the semilunar valves so blood can be pumped out of the heart.

D. It's the pressure the ventricles must work against to open the semilunar valves so blood can be pumped out of the heart.

A patient has a cardiac output of 5 liters per minute and a heart rate of 100 beats per minute. What is the stroke volume in milliliters per beat?

SV = 50 Rationale: Cardiac Output is calculated as heart rate (100bpm) times stroke volume (50 ml per beat) CO= HR x SV

True or False: Pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance both play a role with influencing cardiac afterload. True False

True