Ch. 18 Outcome Based Questions The Urinary System

The first signal that triggers urination occurs when the urinary bladder contains about ______ mL of urine

200

The involuntary internal sphincter opens when the urinary bladder contains about ______ mL of urine.

500

Blood enters the glomerulus via the

Afferent Arteriole

The kidney is divided into

An outer Cortex and And innner Medulla

The amount of water reabsorbed along the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct is controlled by circulating levels of

Antidiuretic hormone

In filtration, water is forced across the filtration membrane in the renal corpuscle by

Blood pressure

The body system that complement and coordinate their activities with the urinary system include the

Digestive, Cardiovascular, and Respiratory Systems

As the aging process proceeds, the elderly may lose control of the

External Urethral Sphincter

The initial factor that determines urine production is

Filtration

The three processes involved in urine formation are

Filtration, Reabsorption, and Secretion

The first step enssential to all kidney function is

Glomerular Filtration

The "tuft" of capillaries that lies within the renal corpuscle is the

Glomerulus

The muscular ring that provides involuntary control over the discharge of urine from the urinary bladder is the

Internal Sphinter

Urine production occurs in the

Kidney

The ability to form a concentrated urine depends on the functions of the

Loop of Henle (Nephron Loop)

The renal pyramids are located in the

Medulla

The basic functional unit in the kidney is the

Nephron

Urine production begins in the renal cortex in microscopic tubular structures called

Nephrons

The most selective pores in the filtration membrane are located in the

Podocytes

Virtually all of the glucose, amino acids and other organic nutrients are reabsorbed in the

Proxima Convoluted Tubule

Approximately 60% to 70% of the volume of the filtrat produced in the renal corpuscle is reabsorbed in the

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

The primary site in the nephron where water, soldium, and postassium ion loss is regulated is the

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

In a nephron, the tubular passageway through with the filtrate passes includes the

Proximal Convoluted Tuule, Loop of Henle (Nephron Loop), and Distal Convoluted tubule

In addition to removing organic wastes, the urinary system

Regulates blood volume, blood pressure, and plasma ion concentrations Helps stabilize blood pH Conserves valuable nutrients

Each kidney receives blood from

Renal Artery

Filtration occurs exclusively in the

Renal Corpuscle

The expanded, funnel-shaped upper end of the ureter in the kidney is the

Renal Pelvis

Blood leaves the kidney via the

Renal Vein

Once formed, urine follows which of the following sequential pathways through the kidney?

Renal pyramid, minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter.

During the micturition reflex

Stretch receptors in the bladder are stimulated The internal Sphincter is Unconsciously relaxed. The external Sphincter Relaxes

Urination in the elderly may occur more frequently because

The nephrons are not responding to ADH

In the elderly

There is about a 40% decline in nephron function The nephrons become less responsive to ADH The filtration rate slow down

Urine leaves the kidneys on it way to the urinary bladder via the

Ureters

When urine leaves the kidneys, it travels to the urinary bladder via the

Ureters

Contraction of the muscular bladder forces the urine out of the body through the

Urethra

Urine exits form the body via the

Urethra

The hollow, muscular organ that stores urine prior to urination is the

Urinary Bladder

Increased levels of aldosterone cause the kidneys to produce

Urine with a higher concentration of potassium ions Urine with a lower concentration of solium ions

Elderly men may experience difficulty with urination due to

an enlarged prostate

The muscle that compresses the urinary bladder and expels urine through the urethra is the

detrusor

The primary purpose of urine production is to

maintain homeostasis by regulating the volume and composition of the blood

The external urethral sphincter consist of skeletal muscle fibers, and it contraction are under

voluntary control