ch 18 questions
A hormone that promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver is A) cortisol. B) thymosin. C) erythropoietin. D) parathormone. E) aldosterone.
A
The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually: A) a G protein B) cAMP C) cGMP D) adenyl cyclase E) Calcium ion levels
A
The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar to enter its target cells is A) insulin. B) somatotropin. C) cortisol. D) glucagon. E) erythropoietin.
A
The pituitary hormone that simulates milk production by the mammary glands is: A) Prolactin B) TSH C) ACTH D) FSH E) GH
A
A hormone that is synergistic to growth hormone is A) aldosterone. B) cortisol. C) insulin. D) renin. E) calcitonin.
B
A kinase is an enzyme that performs A) active transport. B) phosphorylation. C) as a membrane channel. D) both A and B E) both A and C
B
A structure known as the corpus luteum secretes A) cortisone. B) progesterone. C) testosterone. D) androstenedione. E) aldosterone.
B
Inadequate iodine in the diet may lead to A) high blood levels of TSH. B) cretinism. C) hypothyroidism. D) any of the above E) goiter.
D
The enzyme renin is responsible for the activation of: A) Erythropoietin B) Adrenaline C) Atrial natriuretic peptide D) Cortisol E) Angiotensin
E
The exocrine portion of the pancreas produces A) glucagon. B) somatotropin. C) insulin. D) bile. E) digestive enzymes.
E
The heart is known to secrete all of the following hormones, except A) ANP. B) BNP. C) thymosin. D) thyroxine. E) both C and D
E
The hormone oxytocin A) Triggers prostate gland contraction. B) Is responsible for milk expression from the mammary glands. C) Promotes uterine contractions. D) A and B only E) A, B, and C
E
The hormone that does then opposite of calcitonin is: A) Glucagon B) Growth hormone C) Thyroid hormone D) Insulin E) Parathyroid hormone
E
The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is A) aldosterone. B) somatotropin. C) glucagon. D) cortisol. E) insulin.
E
The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the suprarenal cortex is: A) LH B) TSH C) FSH D) GH E) ACTH
E
The posterior pituitary gland secretes A) FSH B) TSH C) MSH D) ACTH E) ADH
E
The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that: A) Increases the level of calcium ions in the blood. B) Increases the level of sodium ions in the blood. C) Increases the level of glucose in the blood. D) Increases the level of potassium ions in the blood. E) Stimulates the formation of white blood cells.
A
When blood glucose levels fall, A) glucagon is released. B) peripheral cells take up more glucose. C) protein synthesis increases. D) insulin is released. E) both B and D
A
When blood glucose levels rise, A) insulin is released. B) glucagon is released. C) peripheral cells take up less glucose. D) peripheral cells break down glycogen. E) protein synthesis decreases.
A
Which of these hormones increases production of red blood cells? A) erythropoietin B) aldosterone C) thymosin D) atrial natriuretic peptide E) cortisol
A
The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is: A) Calcitonin B) Parathyroid hormone C) Thyroxine D) Glucagon E) Somatotropin
C
The hormones that are important for coordinating the immune response are A) thyroxines. B) corticosteroids. C) thymosins. D) aldosterones. E) somatotropins.
C
The most complex endocrine responses involve the A) Thymus gland B) Thyroid gland C) Hypothalamus D) Pancreas E) Suprarenal glands
C
The pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) A) make up almost half of the pancreas. B) produce some digestive enzymes. C) contain four types of endocrine cells. D) all of the above E) A and B only
C
The pituitary hormone that promotes varian secretion of progesterone and testicular secretion of testosterone is: A) ACTH B) GH C) LH D) TSH E) FSH
C
The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is: A) Insulin B) MSH C) Somatotropin D) ACTH E) Prolactin
C
Too little secretion of cortisol and aldosterone causes A) diabetes mellitus. B) diabetes insipidus. C) Addison disease. D) goiter. E) Cushing disease.
C
When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, the A) Hormone is transported to the nucleus where it alters the activity of DNA. B) Cell membrane becomes depolarized. C) Second messenger appears in the cytoplasm. D) Cells becomes inactive. E) Hormone receptor complex moves into the cytoplasm.
C
Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include: A) Peptides B) Amino acid derivatives C) Eicosanoids D) Steroids E) All of the above
E
Hormones can operate on the ________ level of organization. A) tissue B) cellular C) organismic D) organ E) any of the above
E
Hormones known as "catecholamines" are: A) Lipids B) Steroids C) Peptides D) Derivatives of reproductive glands E) Derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine.
E
Inability of the pancreas to produce insulin results in A) Addison disease. B) goiter. C) acromegaly. D) diabetes insipidus. E) diabetes mellitus.
E
Neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus manufacture A) GHIH and GHRH B) TSH and FSH C) CRF and GnRH D) FSH and PRL E) ADH and oxytocin
E
Proper growth requires which of these hormones? A) insulin B) calcitriol C) thyroid hormone D) growth hormone E) all of the above
E
Secretory cells of the adenohypophysis release A) TSH B) GH C) ADH D) FSH E) All of the above except C
E
The action of thyroid hormone on a target cell involves all these steps except one. Identify the incorrect step. A) specific transport into the target cell B) binding to a cytoplasmic receptor protein C) activation of mitochondria D) activation of a specific gene E) binding to a hormone receptor in the plasma membrane
E
The beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce A) peptide P. B) glucagon. C) cortisol. D) somatostatin. E) insulin.
E
The condition known as goiter can result from too: A) Little TSH B) Much insulin C) Much ACTH D) Little glucagon E) Little iodine in the diet
E
The delta cells of the pancreatic islets produce A) glucagon. B) peptide P. C) insulin. D) cortisol. E) somatostatin.
E
The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is: A) FSH B) LH C) ACTH D) GH E) TSH
E
The suprarenal medulla produces: A) Corticosteroids B) Androgens C) Glucocorticoids D) Mineralocorticoids E) Catecholamines
E
The zona glomerulosa of the suprarenal cortex produces: A) Androgens B) Epinephrine C) Glucocorticoids D) Norepinephrine E) Mineralocorticoids
E
Thyroid hormone contains the element: A) Chlorine B) Zinc C) Iron D) Fluorine E) Iodine
E
When adenyl cyclase is activated, A) ATP is consumed B) cAMP if formed C) cAMP is broken down D) B, C, and D E) only A and B
E
Which of the following is a known effect of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissues? A) Increased heart rate B) Increased sensitivity to adrenergic stimulation C) Increased oxygen consumption D) Increased body temperature E) All of the above
E
The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss is: A) FSH B) ADH C) MSH D) STH E) TSH
B
A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is: A) thymosin. B) parathormone. C) aldosterone. D) somatotropin. E) cortisol.
C
________ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues. A) Neurotransmitters B) Humoral antibodies C) Hormones D) Neuropeptides E) none of the above
C
A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is: A) Oxytocin B) Thyroxine C) Parathyroid hormone D) Calcitonin E) Glucagon
D
The hormone produced by the pars intermedia of the adenohypophysis during early childhood is A) TSH B) FSH C) ACTH D) MSH E) ADH
D
The interstitial cells of the testes produce A) FSH. B) progesterone. C) LH. D) testosterone. E) inhibin.
D
Calcium ions serve as messengers, often in combination with the intracellular protein A) calcitropin. B) calcitonin. C) calcitriol. D) calcium-binding globulin. E) calmodulin.
E
Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of: A) Oxytocin B) ACTH C) TSH D) LH E) ADH
E
During the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) there is A) decreased blood flow to skeletal muscles and skin. B) increased urine release. C) decreased rate of respiration. D) decreased mental alertness. E) mobilization of energy reserves.
E
During the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) A) proteins are conserved. B) levels of growth hormone decrease. C) levels of insulin decrease. D) blood glucose levels fall drastically. E) lipid reserves are mobilized.
E
Each of the following hormones is produced by the pars distills of the adenohypophysis, except A) FSH B) Somatotropin C) TSH D) corticotropin E) oxytocin
E
Endocrine cells: A) Release their secretions onto an epithelial surface. B) Are a type of nerve cell. C) Are modified connective-tissue cells. D) Contain few vesicles. E) Release their secretions directly into body fluids.
E
Extracellular membrane receptors are used by which of the following types of hormones? A) Catecholamines B) Peptide hormones C) Eicosanoids D) Thyroid E) A, B, and C only
E
Growth hormone does all the following, except that it: A) Is glucose sparing B) Promotes muscle growth C) Promotes amino acid uptake by cells. E) causes fat accumulation within adipocytes.
E
Hormonal actions on cells include those that affect A) Synthesis of enzymes B) Activities of enzymes C) Quantities of enzymes D) Gating of ion channels E) Any of the above
E
A simple endocrine reflex involves ________ hormone(s). A) one B) five C) few D) more than 15 E) none of the above
A
After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex, A) Gene transcription is initiated B) Cyclic nucleotides are formed C) Adenyl cyclase is activated D) G proteins are phosphylated E) Protein kinases are activated
A
Hormones that dominate during the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) are the A) glucocorticoids. B) gonadotropins. C) androgens. D) mineralocorticoids. E) catecholamines.
A
Increased aggressive and assertive behavior is associated with an increase in which of these hormones? A) sex hormones B) somatostatin C) growth hormone D) thyroxine E) both C and D
A
Increased levels of the hormone ___ will lead to increased levels of calcium ion in the blood. A) PTH B) Thymosin C) Cortisol D) Calcitonin E) Aldosterone
A
Norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered to be ________ when released into the bloodstream, but ________ when released at synapses. A) hormones; neurotransmitters B) neurotransmitters; neuropeptides C) neurotransmitters; hormones D) neuropeptides; neurotransmitters E) neuropeptides; neurohormones
A
Peptide hormones are: A) Composed of amino acids B) Lipids C) Produced by suprarenal glands D) Chemically related to cholesterol E) Derived from the amino acid tyrosine
A
Pinealocytes produce A) melatonin. B) MSH. C) LH. D) melanin. E) FSH.
A
The exhaustion phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is characterized by A) decreased resistance to disease and infection. B) increased pumping effectiveness of the heart. C) increasing ability to produce glucose from glycogen. D) all of the above E) A and C only
A
The hormone that opposes the release of FSH in both males and females is A) inhibin. B) somatostatin. C) testosterone. D) LH. E) aldosterone.
A
The hypothalamus acts as both a neural and a(n) ________ organ. A) endocrine B) renal C) muscular D) cardiovascular E) hepatic
A
Excess secretion of growth hormone during early development will cause A) dwarfism. B) gigantism. C) diabetes insipidus. D) acromegaly. E) rickets.
B
If stress lasts longer than a few hours, an individual will enter the ________ phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS). A) alarm B) resistance C) exhaustion D) prolonged E) extension
B
Liver cells respond to growth hormone by releasing hormones called: A) Prostaglandins B) Somatomedins C) Hepatic hormones D) Gonadotrophins E) Glucocorticoids
B
Mental and physical sluggishness and low body temperature may be signs of: A) Hyperthyroidism B) Hypothyroidism C) Being a turtle on ice D) Hypoparathyroidism E) Hyperparathyroidism
B
The functional organization of the nervous system parallels that of the ________ system in many ways. A) body B) endocrine C) hepatic D) muscular E) cardiovascular
B
The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes: A) LH B) FSH C) ACTH D) TSH E) GH
B
The zona reticular of the suprarenal cortex produces: A) Norepinephrine B) Androgens C) Mineralocorticoids D) Epinephrine E) Glucocorticoids
B
Angiotensin I is conveyed to angiotensin II by converting enzymes in the: A) Liver B) Heart C) Lungs D) Kidneys E) Blood
C
Each of the following is true of the pineal gland, except that it A) responds to light and darkness. B) is a component of the epithalamus. C) is a component of the hypothalamus. D) secretes melatonin. E) contains pinealocytes.
C
Follicle cells in the ovary secrete ________ when stimulated by FSH. A) inhibin B) progesterone C) estrogen D) testosterone E) gonadotropins
C
Melatonin is produced by the A) skin. B) heart. C) pineal gland. D) kidneys. E) thymus.
C
Steroid hormones A) Cannot diffuse through cell membranes B) Are proteins C) Bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells. D) Remain in circulation for relatively short periods of time. E) Are transported in the blood dissolved in the plasma.
C
The C cells of the thyroid gland produce: A) TSH B) Thyroxine C) Calcitonin D) Triiodothyronine E) PTH
C
The hormone that dominates during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is A) cortisol. B) testosterone. C) epinephrine. D) aldosterone. E) thyroid hormone.
C
All of the following are true of steroid hormones, except that they: A) Are produced by reproductive glands. B) Bind to receptors within the cell. C) Are lipids. D) Are produced by the suprarenal medulla. E) Are derived from cholesterol.
D
Cells can respond to ________ hormone(s) at the same time. A) only one B) one or two C) three or less D) many
D
Cells of the suprarenal cortex produce A) ACTH. B) angiotensin. C) norepinephrine. D) aldosterone. E) epinephrine.
D
Cholecalciferol is synthesized within the A) bone marrow of the skeletal system. B) endothelial linings of the cardiovascular system. C) splenic pulp of the lymphatic system. D) epidermis of the integumentary system. E) hypothalamus of the nervous system.
D
Each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative, except A) Melatonin B) Epinephrine C) Thyroid hormone D) Thyroid-stimulating hormone E) Norepinephrine
D
Gap junctions A) facilitate the propagation of action potentials from one cell to the next at electrical synapses. B) coordinate ciliary movement among epithelial cells. C) coordinate the contractions of cardiac muscle cells. D) all of the above E) A and C only
D
Regulatory factors that control secretion of adenohypophyseal hormones are released by neurons after the ___ of the hypothalamus. A) Geniculate bodies B) Infundibulum C) Supraoptic nuclei D) Median eminence E) Paraventricular nuclei
D
The hypothalamus controls secretion by the adenohypophysis by: A) Altering ion concentrations and pH in the anterior pituitary. B) Direct neural stimulation C) Indirect osmotic control D) Secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system. E) Gap synaptic junctions
D
The kidneys secrete A) erythropoietin. B) renin. C) calcitriol. D) all of the above E) both B and C
D
The zona fasciculate of the suprarenal cortex produces: A) Norepinephrine B) Mineralocorticoids C) Epinephrine D) Glucocorticoids E) Androgens
D
Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the A) kidneys. B) gonads. C) pituitary gland. D) thyroid gland. E) heart.
D
When hormones interact they can produce any of the following kinds of effects, except A) antagonistic. B) synergistic. C) integrative. D) bucolic. E) permissive.
D
All of the following are true of the nervous system, except that it doesn't: A) Respond specifically to stimuli. B) Respond rapidly to stimuli. C) Communicate by the release of neurotransmitters. D) Respond with motor output. E) Function independently of the endocrine system.
E
An activated G protein can trigger A) the opening of calcium ion channels in the membrane. B) a fall in cAMP levels. C) the release of calcium ions from intracellular stores. D) the production of diacylglycerol. E) all of the above
E
Hormone release may be controlled by which of the following factors? A) Blood level of an ion-like potassium B) Blood level of a hormone C) Blood level of glucose D) Nervous stimuli E) Any of the above
E