Unit 4 Review: Triumph of Industry; Labor Movement; Cities, Immigration and Farmers

A major purpose of the Progressive movement (1900-1917)?

) was to correct the economic and social abuses of industrial society.

What is a trust?

A trust is a legal concept that allows one person to manage another person's property. The person who manages another person's property is called a trustee.

20. What were the demands of the populist party as stated in the Omaha Platform?

Bi-mentalism (SILVER), Direct election of senators, government ownership of RR telephone & telegraph, Australian secret ballot, Graduated income tax, 8 hour work day, restrict immigration.

19. In the late 1800s, how did railroad monopolies create economic hardships for farmers?

By charging high prices to ship agricultural goods to market.

What is the Chinese Exclusion Act (CEA)

CEA-Virtually stopped immigration from China, also Japan.

Define the differences and similarities of the first and second industrial revolution

First was smaller-steam engines, textiles, canals. Second-more inventions, gas powered engines, steel, more transportation and communications=true national market.

What was the Gentleman Agreement (GA)

GA-Informal agreement to stop Japanese immigration.

Why did government leaders generally sympathize with business owners against labor in the late 19th century?

Government leaders received money from business and also believed in laissez-faire.

In 1913, President Wilson proposed a reduction in tariffs. How did Wilson plan to make up for the loss of these revenues by the federal government?

Introducing a new federal income tax.

What did the Dawes Act do for Native Americans?

It permitted Indians to withdraw private plots from the tribal reservation.

How did the Emancipation Proclamation redefine the war?

It was now a war "about slavery."

Which group most favored the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882?

Nativists on the West Coast.

What factors lead to the rapid growth of U.S. industry? Natural resources, lots of people to work, government encouragement, new biz structures, $$$ to invest, railroads, lots of inventions & innovations

Natural resources, lots of people to work, government encouragement, new biz structures, $$$ to invest, railroads, lots of inventions & innovations.

What was the impact of muckraking activities during the early 1900s?

Public reaction to their books led to new laws addressing the abuses of industrialization.

What was the populist party? What did they stand for?

The Populist Party consisted mostly of farmers. Anti-Wall Street and gold standard.

How did Presidential Reconstruction differ from Radical or Congressional Reconstruction?

The president favored a more lenient plan for the South.

What was a consequence of the rapid growth of cities in the late 1800s?

The rapid growth of tenements and ghettos.

Initiative, Referendum, Recall, Direct Primary, 17th Amendment?

These reforms gave citizens a greater voice in government.

What was the purpose of the Grange movement?

To break the rural isolation of farmers and represent their interests.

The main goal of the social gospel and settlement movements?

To improve living conditions for the poor.

What was the primary goal of the AFL American Federation of Labor?

To obtain better conditions for workers in its affiliate unions.

What were the reasons for secession (the South leaving the Union)?

To protect their property and way of life.

Anti Sherman Act

a federal law passed in 1890 that committed the American government to oppose monopolies. The law prohibits contracts, combinations, or conspiracies "in the restraint of trade or commerce."

Major Labor Strikes

a. Great Railroad Strike of 1877 - was the nation's first major labor strike which began a series of violent labor strikes was started by railway workers angered by wage cuts. b. Haymarket Riot - led to the decline of the Knight of Labor. The Haymarket affair was the aftermath of a bombing that took place at a labor demonstration on Tuesday May 4, 1886, at Haymarket Square in Chicago.

Why were the "new immigrants" who arrived in the late 19th century resented by "Native" Americans?

because: they kept to themselves in urban neighborhoods, they kept wages low, and they had diverse languages and ethnic cultures.

Black Codes

designed to restrict freed blacks' activity and ensure their availability as a labor force now that slavery had been abolished.

During the late 1800s, children often worked in factories for what reason?

families needed the income to survive.

Tactics used by management to stop labor from organizing?

firing troublemakers and putting them on blacklists, shutting down the plants, and hiring private police to "regulate" strikers.

Florence Kelley

fought for better conditions for workers and helped found the NAACP.

Tragedy at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company?

led to Building codes requiring fire escapes.