ch 18 test answers and questions

Which of the following best characterizes the regions to which slaves were carried from Africa to the Americas?

A. About 90 percent of slaves were transported to Brazil or the Caribbean, with only 3 percent brought to North America.

What was the status of Jews in European colonies in the 18th century?

E. Jews faces numerous political and economic forms of discrimination but were considered to be white Europeans and thus could not be enslaved.

Population growth in Europe over the 18th century:

E. occured in all regions.

(?) The rural-putting out system had all of he following competitive advantages except:

E. the workers had to purchase the raw materials themselves, saving the merchant capital expenses

Who provided the labor force for Birtain's initial colonization of Australia?

A. Convicted prisoners

Why did the Dutch fail to maintain their dominance in Asia?

A. The Dutch East India Company failed to diversify its trade to meet changing consumption patterns in Europe.

How did the problem of food shortages change over the 18th century?

A. The considerable road and canal building of the 18th century permitted food to be more easily transported to regions with local crop failure and famine.

Which of the following best describes the open field system of the Middle Ages?

A. The land was divided into long, narrow strips that weren't inclosed by fences or hedges

At the center of Adam Smith's argument in the Wealth of Nations was the belief that...

A. the pursuit of self interest in competitive markets would improve the living conditions of citizens

Which of the following best describes the role of women in guilds in the 18th century?

B. Both legal and illegal work in guilds became more accesible to women

The Englishman Jethro Tull:

B. sought to critically analyze farming methods and develop better methods about farming through empirical research

In the 18th century, the biggest increase in British foreign trade was with..

B. the British colonial empire

The leadership of the Dutch people in farming methodology can be attributed primarily to...

B. the necessity to provide for a densely populated countries

Christianity in the colonial societies in the Americas...

B. took on distinctive characteristics through a complex process of cultural exchange that made Christianity more comprehensible to the indiginous people

The English Navigation Acts mandated that all English imports and exports be transported on English ships, and..

C. Gave British merchants virtual monopoly on trade with British colonies.

With the development of the Spanish colonial society, by the 18th century...

C. the colonial elite came to believe that their circumstances gave them different interests and characteristics from those in Spain.

Within the family, the operation of the loom...

C. was considered a man's job, reserved for the male head of the household

Which of the following correctly characterizes the transformation of the English and Scottish countryside in the enclosure era?

D. The elimination of common rights and access to land turned small peasant farmers into landless wage earners.

Why did European slave traders in Africa adopt the "shore method" of trading in the 18th century?

D. The shore method permitted Europeans to move easily alond the coast, obtaining slaves at various slave markets and then departing quickly for the Americas.

The idea of the industrious revolution is best understood as the result of-

D. poor families deciding to reduce leisure time and production of goods for household consumption in order to earn wages to be used to buy consumer goods.