Ch 19 Blood

Which of the following is a compound that stimulates platelet aggregation?

ADP

Leucocytes or white blood cells fight infection. They have the ability to leave the bloodstream and enter a damaged or infected area. What is the name of this process of leaving the bloodstream?

Emigration or diapedesis

What is a locally produced hormone causing smooth muscle contraction during the vascular phase?

Endothelin

Which of the following types of white blood cells are involved in fighting off parasitic infections, such as flukes and roundworms?

Eosinophils

In the process of hemostasis, what triggers the Extrinsic Pathway of the coagulation phase?

Factor III (Tissue Factor or TF)

Patients on "blood thinners" such as Coumadin, are cautioned to restrain from eating green leafy vegetables. What is the reason behind such prescription.

Green leafy vegetables are rich in vitamin K, which is needed to synthesize some of the clotting factors.

Which type of granular leukocyte can engulf up to two dozen bacteria and also produces a respiratory burst that creates harsh chemical agents such as hydrogen peroxide?

Neutrophil

Which group of white blood cells are classified as granulocytes?

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, prevent clotting by inhibiting formation of what substance by the platelets?

Thromboxane A2

Megakaryocytes are specialized cells of the bone marrow that are responsible for __________.

formation of platelets

Myeloid stem cells develop into __________________.

megakaryocytes

Upon analyzing components of pus, one would typically find _________________.

neutrophils and cellular debris

An abnormally low platelet count is called __________.

thrombocytopenia

The process of platelet formation in the bone marrow

thrombopoiesis

What type of white blood cell would you find in the greatest numbers in an infected cut?

Neutrophil

Which two enzymes are needed to convert plasminogen to plasmin?

Thrombin and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)

A runny nose is one of the symptoms of allergy or a cold. Which cell is responsible for causing the runny nose?

Basophils

Which of the following affect almost every aspect of the clotting process?

Calcium ions and vitamin K

benefit of the unusual shape of the red blood cell?

Increased surface-to-volume ratio Red blood cells can stack up on each other They are flexible

How does heparin prevent clot formation?

It accelerates the activation of antithrombin-III.

Nonspecific defenses do not discriminate between one type of threat or another. The specific immune response will provide a counterattack against specific types of invading pathogens. What cell type is responsible for specific defense?

Lymphocytes

What is the term for the characteristic of white blood cells in which they are attracted to a specific chemical stimulus?

Positive chemotaxis

Red blood cells have a limited lifespan and then are phagocytized by macrophages in the liver, spleen and red bone marrow. What happens to the iron in the heme group of RBCs?

The iron will be either stored in the liver or transported back to the red bone marrow to be incorporated into new hemoglobin

How do basophils respond to an injury?

They release histamine and heparin.

Clot destruction involves a process that begins with __________.

activation of the proenzyme plasminogen, which initiates the production of plasmin

The number of eosinophils increases dramatically during __________.

an allergic reaction or a parasitic infection

During RBC recycling, each heme unit is stripped of its iron and converted to __________.

biliverdin

Signs of iron-deficiency anemia include __________.

decrease in hematocrit, hemoglobin content, and O2-carrying capacity

Reticulocytes are nucleated immature cells that develop into mature __________.

erythrocytes

Thrombin is required to convert _________________.

fibrinogen to fibrin

Circulating mature RBCs lack __________.

ribosomes nuclei mitochondria