Ch 19 Blood
Which of the following is a compound that stimulates platelet aggregation?
ADP
Leucocytes or white blood cells fight infection. They have the ability to leave the bloodstream and enter a damaged or infected area. What is the name of this process of leaving the bloodstream?
Emigration or diapedesis
What is a locally produced hormone causing smooth muscle contraction during the vascular phase?
Endothelin
Which of the following types of white blood cells are involved in fighting off parasitic infections, such as flukes and roundworms?
Eosinophils
In the process of hemostasis, what triggers the Extrinsic Pathway of the coagulation phase?
Factor III (Tissue Factor or TF)
Patients on "blood thinners" such as Coumadin, are cautioned to restrain from eating green leafy vegetables. What is the reason behind such prescription.
Green leafy vegetables are rich in vitamin K, which is needed to synthesize some of the clotting factors.
Which type of granular leukocyte can engulf up to two dozen bacteria and also produces a respiratory burst that creates harsh chemical agents such as hydrogen peroxide?
Neutrophil
Which group of white blood cells are classified as granulocytes?
Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, prevent clotting by inhibiting formation of what substance by the platelets?
Thromboxane A2
Megakaryocytes are specialized cells of the bone marrow that are responsible for __________.
formation of platelets
Myeloid stem cells develop into __________________.
megakaryocytes
Upon analyzing components of pus, one would typically find _________________.
neutrophils and cellular debris
An abnormally low platelet count is called __________.
thrombocytopenia
The process of platelet formation in the bone marrow
thrombopoiesis
What type of white blood cell would you find in the greatest numbers in an infected cut?
Neutrophil
Which two enzymes are needed to convert plasminogen to plasmin?
Thrombin and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)
A runny nose is one of the symptoms of allergy or a cold. Which cell is responsible for causing the runny nose?
Basophils
Which of the following affect almost every aspect of the clotting process?
Calcium ions and vitamin K
benefit of the unusual shape of the red blood cell?
Increased surface-to-volume ratio Red blood cells can stack up on each other They are flexible
How does heparin prevent clot formation?
It accelerates the activation of antithrombin-III.
Nonspecific defenses do not discriminate between one type of threat or another. The specific immune response will provide a counterattack against specific types of invading pathogens. What cell type is responsible for specific defense?
Lymphocytes
What is the term for the characteristic of white blood cells in which they are attracted to a specific chemical stimulus?
Positive chemotaxis
Red blood cells have a limited lifespan and then are phagocytized by macrophages in the liver, spleen and red bone marrow. What happens to the iron in the heme group of RBCs?
The iron will be either stored in the liver or transported back to the red bone marrow to be incorporated into new hemoglobin
How do basophils respond to an injury?
They release histamine and heparin.
Clot destruction involves a process that begins with __________.
activation of the proenzyme plasminogen, which initiates the production of plasmin
The number of eosinophils increases dramatically during __________.
an allergic reaction or a parasitic infection
During RBC recycling, each heme unit is stripped of its iron and converted to __________.
biliverdin
Signs of iron-deficiency anemia include __________.
decrease in hematocrit, hemoglobin content, and O2-carrying capacity
Reticulocytes are nucleated immature cells that develop into mature __________.
erythrocytes
Thrombin is required to convert _________________.
fibrinogen to fibrin
Circulating mature RBCs lack __________.
ribosomes nuclei mitochondria
