Ch 19 - Knee Joint

true

True or false the knee joint is the largest joint in the body.

popliteal cyst

aka baker's cyst

prepatellar bursitis

aka housemaids knee

patellar tendonitis

aka jumper's knee

miserable malalignment syndrome

an alignment problem of the lower extremity involving increased anteversion of the femoral head and is associated with genu valgus, increased tibial torsion, and a pronated flat foot

pes anserine

another term for "goose foot"

softening and degeneration of the cartilage on the posterior aspect of the patella, causing anterior knee pain. abnormal tracking of the patella within the patellofemoral groove causes the patellar articular cartilage to become inflammed, leading to its degeneration.

chondromalcia patella

characterized be tenderness at the patellar tendon and results from the overuse stress or sudden impact overloading associated with jumping.

describe patellar tendonitis (jumper's knee)

an articulation between the femur and patella main functions: increasing the advantages of the quadriceps muscle and protecting the knee joint

describe the patellofemoral joint

As the knee moves into the last few degrees of extension, the femur rotates medially on the tibia. This "locks" the knee in place With the knee fully extended, a person could stand for a long time without using muscles. this rotation is what prevents the knee from being a true hinge joint.

describe the screw-home mechanism of the knee

refers to a common problem causing diffuse anterior knee pain. generally considere the result of a variety of alignment factors, such as increased q angle, patella alta (high-riding patella), quadriceps weakness or tightness, weakness of hip lateral rotators, and excessive foot pronation

patellofemoral pain syndrome

occurs when there is constant pressure between the skin and the patella. it is commonly seen in carpet layers and is the result of repeated direct blows or sheering stresses on the knee

prepatellar bursitis 'housemaids knee'

patellofemoral pain syndrome

refers to a common problem causing diffuse anterior knee pain. generally considere the result of a variety of alignment factors, such as increased q angle, patella alta (high-riding patella), quadriceps weakness or tightness, weakness of hip lateral rotators, and excessive foot pronation

synovial, uniaxial hinge joint; flexion; extension

the knee is a _____ joint which can perform _____, and _____.

an alignment problem of the lower extremity involving increased anteversion of the femoral head and is associated with genu valgus, increased tibial torsion, and a pronated flat foot

miserable malalignment syndrome

anterior cruciate ligament runs from anterior tibia to the posterior femur its function is to prevent rotation in the extended position prevents anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur and posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia

name and describe ligament

lateral collateral ligament round cordlike ligament attaches to the lateral epicondyle of femur and the fibular head. no attachments to a meniscus LCL checks for varus

name and describe ligament

medial collateral ligament attached to the medial condyles of femur and tibia fibers of the medial meniscus are attached to the MCL MCL checks valgus

name and describe ligament

posterior cruciate ligament PCL runs from the posterior tibia to the anterior femur its function is to prevent rotation in the extended position prevents posterior displacement of the tibia and the femur, and anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia

name and describe ligament

prepatellar bursitis 'housemaids knee'

occurs when there is constant pressure between the skin and the patella. it is commonly seen in carpet layers and is the result of repeated direct blows or sheering stresses on the knee

a common overuse injury among growing adolescents. it is an inflammation involving the traction-type epiphysis (growth plate) on the tibial tuberosity of growing bone where the tendon of the quadriceps muscle attaches.

osgood-schlatter disease

coxa varus; coxa valgus

Malalignment at one joint often affects alignment at an adjacent joint. therefore, _____ may be seen in conjunction with genu valgus and _____ may be seen in conjuction with genu varus

- femur - patella - tibia

The knee joint is made up of which bones?

chondromalcia patella

softening and degeneration of the cartilage on the posterior aspect of the patella, causing anterior knee pain. abnormal tracking of the patella within the patellofemoral groove causes the patellar articular cartilage to become inflammed, leading to its degeneration.

tibia; femur femur; tibia

the ACL prevents anterior displacement of the _____ on the _____ and posterior displacement of the _____ on the _____.

femur; tibia tibia; femur

the PCL prevents anterior displacement of the _____ on the _____ and posterior displacement of the _____ on the _____.

LCL

the _____ provides lateral stability and prevents excessive motion if there is a blow to the medial side of the knee (varus force)

MCL

the _____ provides medial stability and prevents excessive motion if there is a blow to the lateral side of the knee (valgus force)

frontal plane

the collateral ligaments provide stability in the _____ plane

tibia

the cruciate ligaments are named for there attachment on the _____

sagittal plane

the cruciate ligaments provide stability in the _____ plane

a knee injury caused by a single blow to the knee and involves tears to the ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus

unhappy triad

sartorius semitendinosus gracilis insert on the medial condyle of the tibia

what are the 3 muscles that comprise the pes anserine? where do they insert?

gastrocnemius soleus

what are the muscles that make up the achilles tendon?

to prevent rotation in the extended position

what is the main function of the ACL and PCL?

genu recurvatum

what is this? 'back knees' the positioning of the tibiofemoral joint in which range of motion goes beyond 0 degrees of extension

genu valgum

what is this? 'knock knees' a malalignment of the lower extremity in which the distal segments (ankles) are positioned more laterally than normal the knees tend to touch while the ankles are apart

osgood-schlatter disease

what is this? a common overuse injury among growing adolescents. it is an inflammation involving the traction-type epiphysis (growth plate) on the tibial tuberosity of growing bone where the tendon of the quadriceps muscle attaches.

genu varum

what is this? the distal segments (ankles) are positioned more medially than normal. the ankles tend to touch while the knees are apart

semitendinosus semimembranosus biceps femoris

what muscles make up the hamstrings?

- decreases friction - improves mechanical advantage of the quads

why is the patella important?