Ch 19 - Knee Joint
true
True or false the knee joint is the largest joint in the body.
popliteal cyst
aka baker's cyst
prepatellar bursitis
aka housemaids knee
patellar tendonitis
aka jumper's knee
miserable malalignment syndrome
an alignment problem of the lower extremity involving increased anteversion of the femoral head and is associated with genu valgus, increased tibial torsion, and a pronated flat foot
pes anserine
another term for "goose foot"
softening and degeneration of the cartilage on the posterior aspect of the patella, causing anterior knee pain. abnormal tracking of the patella within the patellofemoral groove causes the patellar articular cartilage to become inflammed, leading to its degeneration.
chondromalcia patella
characterized be tenderness at the patellar tendon and results from the overuse stress or sudden impact overloading associated with jumping.
describe patellar tendonitis (jumper's knee)
an articulation between the femur and patella main functions: increasing the advantages of the quadriceps muscle and protecting the knee joint
describe the patellofemoral joint
As the knee moves into the last few degrees of extension, the femur rotates medially on the tibia. This "locks" the knee in place With the knee fully extended, a person could stand for a long time without using muscles. this rotation is what prevents the knee from being a true hinge joint.
describe the screw-home mechanism of the knee
refers to a common problem causing diffuse anterior knee pain. generally considere the result of a variety of alignment factors, such as increased q angle, patella alta (high-riding patella), quadriceps weakness or tightness, weakness of hip lateral rotators, and excessive foot pronation
patellofemoral pain syndrome
occurs when there is constant pressure between the skin and the patella. it is commonly seen in carpet layers and is the result of repeated direct blows or sheering stresses on the knee
prepatellar bursitis 'housemaids knee'
patellofemoral pain syndrome
refers to a common problem causing diffuse anterior knee pain. generally considere the result of a variety of alignment factors, such as increased q angle, patella alta (high-riding patella), quadriceps weakness or tightness, weakness of hip lateral rotators, and excessive foot pronation
synovial, uniaxial hinge joint; flexion; extension
the knee is a _____ joint which can perform _____, and _____.
an alignment problem of the lower extremity involving increased anteversion of the femoral head and is associated with genu valgus, increased tibial torsion, and a pronated flat foot
miserable malalignment syndrome
anterior cruciate ligament runs from anterior tibia to the posterior femur its function is to prevent rotation in the extended position prevents anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur and posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia
name and describe ligament
lateral collateral ligament round cordlike ligament attaches to the lateral epicondyle of femur and the fibular head. no attachments to a meniscus LCL checks for varus
name and describe ligament
medial collateral ligament attached to the medial condyles of femur and tibia fibers of the medial meniscus are attached to the MCL MCL checks valgus
name and describe ligament
posterior cruciate ligament PCL runs from the posterior tibia to the anterior femur its function is to prevent rotation in the extended position prevents posterior displacement of the tibia and the femur, and anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia
name and describe ligament
prepatellar bursitis 'housemaids knee'
occurs when there is constant pressure between the skin and the patella. it is commonly seen in carpet layers and is the result of repeated direct blows or sheering stresses on the knee
a common overuse injury among growing adolescents. it is an inflammation involving the traction-type epiphysis (growth plate) on the tibial tuberosity of growing bone where the tendon of the quadriceps muscle attaches.
osgood-schlatter disease
coxa varus; coxa valgus
Malalignment at one joint often affects alignment at an adjacent joint. therefore, _____ may be seen in conjunction with genu valgus and _____ may be seen in conjuction with genu varus
- femur - patella - tibia
The knee joint is made up of which bones?
chondromalcia patella
softening and degeneration of the cartilage on the posterior aspect of the patella, causing anterior knee pain. abnormal tracking of the patella within the patellofemoral groove causes the patellar articular cartilage to become inflammed, leading to its degeneration.
tibia; femur femur; tibia
the ACL prevents anterior displacement of the _____ on the _____ and posterior displacement of the _____ on the _____.
femur; tibia tibia; femur
the PCL prevents anterior displacement of the _____ on the _____ and posterior displacement of the _____ on the _____.
LCL
the _____ provides lateral stability and prevents excessive motion if there is a blow to the medial side of the knee (varus force)
MCL
the _____ provides medial stability and prevents excessive motion if there is a blow to the lateral side of the knee (valgus force)
frontal plane
the collateral ligaments provide stability in the _____ plane
tibia
the cruciate ligaments are named for there attachment on the _____
sagittal plane
the cruciate ligaments provide stability in the _____ plane
a knee injury caused by a single blow to the knee and involves tears to the ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus
unhappy triad
sartorius semitendinosus gracilis insert on the medial condyle of the tibia
what are the 3 muscles that comprise the pes anserine? where do they insert?
gastrocnemius soleus
what are the muscles that make up the achilles tendon?
to prevent rotation in the extended position
what is the main function of the ACL and PCL?
genu recurvatum
what is this? 'back knees' the positioning of the tibiofemoral joint in which range of motion goes beyond 0 degrees of extension
genu valgum
what is this? 'knock knees' a malalignment of the lower extremity in which the distal segments (ankles) are positioned more laterally than normal the knees tend to touch while the ankles are apart
osgood-schlatter disease
what is this? a common overuse injury among growing adolescents. it is an inflammation involving the traction-type epiphysis (growth plate) on the tibial tuberosity of growing bone where the tendon of the quadriceps muscle attaches.
genu varum
what is this? the distal segments (ankles) are positioned more medially than normal. the ankles tend to touch while the knees are apart
semitendinosus semimembranosus biceps femoris
what muscles make up the hamstrings?
- decreases friction - improves mechanical advantage of the quads
why is the patella important?
