Ch 1A prep HW
Detailed levels of structural organization (8)
1. atoms 2. molecules 3. organelles 4. cells 5. tissue 6. organ 7. organ system 8. organism
T/F Digestion includes breaking substances into their simpler building blocks, synthesizing more complex cellular structures from simpler substances, and using nutrients and oxygen to produce ATP.
F
Which of the following organ systems is involved in the uptake and transport of materials required for life-sustaining processes? I. Digestive system II. Urinary system III. Nervous system IV. Circulatory system V. Reproductive system VI. Respiratory system
I, IV, VI
Produces antibodies that attach to foreign substances.
Immue
NF/PF Used for changes in blood glucose levels
NF
NF/PF used for changes in blood pressure
NF
T/F Lungs carry out an excretory function.
T
T/F Positive feedback mechanisms tend to enhance the original stimulus so that the response is accelerated.
T
T/F Responsiveness or irritability is the ability to sense changes in the environment and then respond to them
T
One of the descriptions below is from the perspective of anatomical study, the rest are from a physiological perspective. Select the description below that comes from an anatomical perspective. a. The extremely thin tissue (simple squamous epithelium) of the lungs allows for the quick diffusion of respiratory gases into and out of the body. b. The innermost lining of the lungs is composed primarily of a thin tissue called simple squamous epithelium. c. The cell-to-cell connections between heart (cardiac) muscle cells are strong. They hold the tissue together for a life time of forceful contractions. d. The direction of blood flow through the heart is directed by one way valves.
b
Which of the following best defines anatomy? a. It is the study of how the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities. b. It is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships with one another. c. It is the study of all chemical reactions that occur within body cells. d. It is the study of tissues.
b
Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissues.
cardiovascular
what organ system is comprised of arteries, veins, heart
cardiovascular
what via the blood, distributes oxygen and nutrients to all body cells and delivers wastes and carbon dioxide to disposal organs
cardiovascular system
All living organisms maintain an external boundary. Which of the following systems functions only within the body? integumentary system circulatory system digestive system respiratory system urinary system
circulatory system
what organ system is comprised of esophagus, large intestine, rectum
digestive
What takes innutrients, breaks them down, and eliminates unabsorbed matter (feces)?
digestive system
Controls the body with chemical molecules called hormones.
endocrine
what organ system is comprised of adrenal glands, pancreas, pituitary
endocrine
Expiration (breathing out) is how the body removes excessive carbon dioxide from the blood. This is an example of ________. metabolism responsiveness maintaining boundaries excretion of metabolic waste
excretion of metabolic waste
Prevents water loss, entry of germs into the body and synthesizes vitamin D.
integumentary
what protects the body as a whole from the enviroment
integumentary system
Removes and filters excess fluid from tissues.
lymphatic
Prevention of water loss is a necessary function for life that would best fit in the category of ________. maintaining boundaries excretion responsiveness metabolism
maintaining boundaries
Which life process, which relies heavily on nutrient inputs from the respiratory and digestive systems, sustains all other life processes? responsiveness metabolism movement reproduction
metabolism
Provides the force to move bones about their joints.
muscular
Positive feedback differs from negative feedback because ________. positive feedback is generally beneficial while negative feedback is typically harmful positive feedback tends to enhance the triggering stimulus while negative feedback tends to return the body to a homeostatic balance or "ideal" level positive feedback is critical to health while negative feedback serves only to alert us to potential health threats positive feedback provides moment-to-moment wellbeing while negative feedback causes a cascade effect
positive feedback tends to enhance the triggering stimulus while negative feedback tends to return the body to a homeostatic balance or "ideal" level
what organ system is comprised of trachea, bronchi, alveoli
respiratory
what takes in oxygen and elimates carbon dioxide?
respiratory system
With regards to a variation of a physiological value from its set point or normal limit, negative feedback always __________ the value back to the set point or normal limit. returns increases decreases There is not enough information to answer this question.
returns
Levels of structural organization (5)
1. Chemical level 2. Cellular Level 3. Tissue Level 4. Organ Level 5. Organ System Level
Steps in negative feedback mechanisms (6)
1. stimulus 2. receptor 3. input 4. control center 5. output 6. response
Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance? It is considered the cause of most diseases. Negative feedback mechanisms are functioning normally. Positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed. The internal environment is becoming more stable. Submit
It is considered the cause of most diseases.
NF/PF used for blood clotting
PF
NF/PF used for childbirth
PF
T/F Without some sort of negative feedback mechanism, it would be impossible to keep our body chemistry in balance.
T
Moving from simpler to more complex, which level of organization is immediately before (simpler than) the cell? a. organelle b. molecule c. tissue d. atom
a.
Which subdivision of anatomy would include the study of individual cells? a. microscopic anatomy b. developmental anatomy c. systemic anatomy d. gross anatomy
a.
Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex: 1. molecules 2. atoms 3. tissues 4. cells 5. organs a. 2-1-3-4-5 b. 1-2-4-3-5 c. 2-1-4-3-5 d. 1-2-3-4-5
c
Which of the following best demonstrates the principle of complementarity of structure and function? a. Atoms, the tiny building blocks of matter, combine to form molecules such as water and proteins. b. The heart and blood vessels circulate blood continuously to carry oxygen and nutrients to all body cells. c. Bones can support and protect body organs because they contain hard mineral deposits. d. The liver, brain, blood vessels, and stomach are each responsible for a necessary activity that no other organ can perform.
c
Based on the Biological Hierarchy of Organization, tissues join together to form what structures? a.molecules b. cells c. organelles d. organs
d
Responds to environmental changes by transmitting electrical impulses.
nervous
Which of the following are survival needs of the body? water, atmospheric pressure, growth, and movement nutrients, water, movement, and reproduction nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen nutrients, water, growth, and reproduction
nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen
One of the functional characteristics of life is excitability or responsiveness. This refers to ________. sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them the nervous system causing all living things to sometimes experience anger the necessity for all organisms to reproduce indigestible food residues stimulating the excretory system
sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them
Provides a ridged framework to support the body and stores minerals.
skeletal
Which of the following represents the correct order in which the components interact in a homeostatic control system? the effector, the stimulus, and the receptor the receptor, the stimulus, and the effector the variable, the receptor, and the set point the receptor, the control center, and the effector
the receptor, the control center, and the effector
what organ system is comprised of kidneys, bladder, ureters
urinary
what elimates nitrogenous wastes and excess ions?
urinary system