Ch 2 Pre/practice quiz
carboxyl group, side chain (R) attached to their alpha-carbon atom, amino group
All amino acids have a/an: This is a multiple answer question, so select all correct answer options. carboxyl group. side chain (R) attached to their alpha-carbon atom. phosphate group. two hydrophobic fatty acid tails. five-carbon sugar. nitrogen-containing ring compound (nitrogenous base). amino group. hydrophilic head.
carboxyl group, phosphate group, hydrophilic head, two hydrophobic fatty acid tails
All phospholipids have a/an: This is a multiple answer question, so select all correct answer options. nitrogen-containing ring compound (nitrogenous base). five-carbon sugar. carboxyl group. phosphate group. hydrophilic head. amino group. two hydrophobic fatty acid tails. side chain (R) attached to their alpha-carbon atom.
it would be energetically unfavorable for carbon to either gain or lose four electrons from its outer shell. sharing four electrons gives carbon a full outer orbital.
Carbon tends to form covalent bonds because: This is a multiple answer question. Chose all answer options that are correct and answer the question. sharing four electrons gives carbon a full outer orbital. carbon tend to not become either an anion or cation. it would be energetically unfavorable for carbon to either gain or lose four electrons from its outer shell. sharing four electrons allows carbon to form many shapes, including rings and linear and branching chains, which allows it to be the foundation of all organic molecules.
4
Carbon, which has four electrons in its outer shell (capacity 8 electrons), can form a maximum of how many covalent bonds with other atoms? a.0 b.2 c.4 d.8
gaining an electron would give it eight electrons in its outer shell, making a full orbital.
Chlorine tends to gain one electron because losing an electron would give it eight electrons in its outer shell, making a full orbital. sharing electrons would not give it a full outer orbital. sharing electrons gives it a full outer orbital. gaining an electron would give it eight electrons in its outer shell, making a full orbital.
False
Electrostatic attractions are stronger than covalent bonds. a.True b.False
By condensation reactions
How do protein, nucleic acid, and polysaccharide molecules polymerize (grow)? a. By hydrolysis reactions b. By condensation reactions c. By oxidation reactions
By condensation reactions
How do protein, nucleic acid, and polysaccharide molecules polymerize (grow)? a. By hydrolysis reactions b. By oxidation reactions c. By condensation reactions
mix well with water
Hydrophilic molecules: a.are generally uncharged. b.form few or no hydrogen bonds. c.mix well with water. d.include hydrocarbons.
weak bonds
If two macromolecules match each other in shape, they can form many ________________ which will withstand thermo jolting. This allows them to stay bound to each other. covalent bonds strong bonds hydrogen bonds hydrophobic interactions ionic bondsh weak bonds
is consumed (used)
In a hydrolysis reaction, water ______________ . is expelled (removed) water from the air forms on a cool surface, such as a glass of ice water is consumed (used) a hydrogen is move from one molecule to another
a hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom.
In water, hydrogen bonds form between: a.two oxygen atoms. b.a hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom. c.two hydrogen atoms.
Amino acids
Lipids include all except which of the following? a.Oils b.Fatty acids c.Steroids d.Amino acids
hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen
Living organisms are made of a small selection of elements. Which of the following elements constitute 96% of an organism's weight? This is a multiple answer question, so select all that apply. chloride sodium carbon calcium magnesium hydrogen phosphoresis iron oxygen nitrogen
True
Most of the organic matter in a living organism consists of macromolecules, with a much smaller contribution from the small molecules that serve as potential subunits for macromolecules. a.True b.False
Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides are subunits of which of the following macromolecules? a. <html><head></head><body>Nucleic Acids</body></html> b. fats c. <html><head></head><body>Polysaccharides</body></html> d. <html><head></head><body>Proteins</body></html>
losing an electron would give it eight electrons in its outer shell, making a full orbital.
Sodium tends to lose one electron because losing an electron would give it eight electrons in its outer shell, making a full orbital. sharing electrons gives it a full outer orbital. gaining an electron would give it eight electrons in its outer shell, making a full orbital. sharing electrons would not give it a full outer orbital.
Polysacharides
Sugars are subunits of which of the following macromolecules
False
The atoms found in living tissues all have complete outer electron shells and are therefore quite stable on their own. a.False b.True
a hydrolysis reaction.
The reverse of a condensation reaction is called: a.a hydrolysis reaction. b.a decondensation reaction. c.areduction reaction. d.an oxidation reaction.
False
The shapes of most biological macromolecules are held in place largely by strong covalent bonds that form between different parts of the molecule. a.False b.True
Salts
What are substances held together solely by ionic bonds generally called? a.Molecules b.Cations c.Salts
The state of its outermost electron shell
What dictates the number of bonds an atom can make? a.The state of its innermost electron shell b.The state of its outermost electron shell c.The number of protons in its nucleus
Phosphate
What extra chemical group is found in a nucleotide but not a nucleoside? a.Phosphate b.Base c.Sugar
It cannot base pair with other nucleic acids.
What is NOT true of RNA? a.It contains a different sugar than DNA. b.It contains a different base than DNA. c.It is usually single stranded. d.It cannot base pair with other nucleic acids.
Peptide bond
What is the covalent linkage called between two adjacent amino acids in a protein? a.Glycosidic bond b.Phosphodiester bond c.Peptide bond
Atom
What is the smallest particle of an element that still retains its distinctive chemical properties? a.Atom b.Proton c.Molecule
Monosaccharide
What is the term for the simplest sugars? a.Carbohydrate b.Monosaccharide c.Glucose
The release of the terminal phosphate group
What reaction involving ATP releases a large amount of energy? a.The release of the sugar group b.The release of the terminal phosphate group c.The release of the base
An ionic bond
What type of bond is formed when one atom donates electrons to another atom? a.A covalent bond b.A hydrogen bond c.An ionic bond
A covalent bond
What type of bond is formed when two atoms share electrons? a.A hydrogen bond b.A covalent bond c.An ionic bond
Phosphodiester
What type of bond links nucleotides in a nucleic acid chain? a.Phosphodiester b.Glycosidic c.Peptide
Hydrogen bonds
What type of bond links two polynucleotide chains to each other in a double helix of DNA? a.Covalent bonds b.Ionic bonds c.Hydrogen bonds
Hydrogen bonds
What type of bond links two polynucleotide chains to each other in a double helix of DNA? a.Hydrogen bonds b.Ionic bonds c.Covalent bonds
the outermost electrons
Which of the following determines how atoms interact? stability of the nucleus bonding of hydrogen to oxygen the outermost electrons number of neutrons
Noncovalent bonds
___________________ allow a macromolecule to bind other selected molecules. Covalent bonds Noncovalent bonds Ionic bonds Hydrogen bonds
ph of 7, high specific heat capacity, universal solvent, high surface tension, cohesion/adhesion
four properties of water that make life possible on earth
hormones (signaling), membranes (structure), energy storage
what is the role of lipids in a cell
storage of biological information, short term carriers of energy (atp, gtp, nadh, nadph)
what is the role of nucleic acids in a cell?
structure, energy, signalling
what is the role of polysacharides in a cell?
enzymatic activity, motors, structure, channels, energy, signalling, transportation, regulation
what is the role of protein in a cell?
