Ch. 22 A&P
Which of the following substances causes increased capillary permeability, chemotaxis, and vasodilation?
histamine
The redness and heat seen in an inflamed area are the result of
increased blood flow to the area.
A protein that helps to protect the body against viral infections is
interferon.
Interferon
is a protein that interferes with virus production and infection.
The thoracic duct drains lymph into the
left subclavian vein.
The lymphatic system is involved in
lipid absorption from the digestive tract.
Lacteals are
lymphatic vessels in the lining of the small intestine.
Bacteria and debris are actively removed from the lymph by _____ in the sinuses of lymph nodes.
macrophages
What is the function of thymosin?
maturation on T-cells.
The type of cell responsible for the secondary response is a
memory cell
Which of the following is usually the first cell type to leave the blood and enter infected tissues?
neutrophil.
Adenoids are enlarged
pharyngeal tonsils.
The lymphatic system plays a role in maintaining fluid balance within the body by
returning interstitial fluid to the plasma.
Natural Killer (NK) cells
secrete enzymes that kill tumor or virus-infected cells.
Which of the following characteristics is/are most consistent with adaptive immunity?
specificity, memory and increased response to second and subsequent exposures.
In systemic inflammation, pyrogens
stimulate fever production.
Positive selection of lymphocytes refers to the
survival of pre-B and pre-T cells that are capable of an immune response.
Antibodies are produced by
B cells that differentiate to form plasma cells.
The spleen
filters damaged red blood cells from the blood.
The immunoglobulin that is often the first antibody produced in response to an antigen is
IgM
A woman has her right breast and right axillary lymph nodes removed. Which of the following might occur?
Right lymphatic duct drainage decreases causing edema in the right arm.
____ are part of cell-mediated immunity while ____ are part of antibody-mediated immunity.
T cells, B cells.
Which of the following is true of adaptive immunity?
The second response is faster and stronger than the first response.
If you receive an immunization for hepatitis B and produce antibodies against the hepatitis B virus, you have developed what type of adaptive immunity?
active artificial immunity
Lymph movement is assisted by
all of these choices are correct.
The MHC (major histocompatibility complex) class molecules
allow the immune system to respond to antigens inside cells.
Lysozyme is
an enzyme found in body fluids that destroys certain bacteria.
Cells that process antigen and present antigens to other immune cells are called
antigen-presenting cells.
As a result of opsonization,
antigens are more susceptible to phagocytosis.
Adaptive immunity is stimulated by
antigens.
Complement proteins
can form holes in the plasma membrane of target cells.
The movement of leukocytes to the source of certain chemicals is called
chemotaxis.
Frequently, several different signals or molecules are needed in order to produce an immune response by a B cell or T cell. The second signal in this process is called
constimulation.
Which of the following is a subpopulation of T cells?
cytotoxic
When innate immunity is activated,
each exposure produces the same response.
Lymph exits a lymph node via the
efferent lymphatic vessels.
Which of the following is NOT a secondary lymphatic organ?
thymus gland.
Lymphatic tissue contains an interlaced network of reticular fibers that functions to
trap microorganisms.
What structural feature of lymphatic vessels is responsible to forward movement of lymph?
valves.
Structurally, lymph vessels are most similar to
veins.
