Ch. 22 A&P

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Which of the following substances causes increased capillary permeability, chemotaxis, and vasodilation?

histamine

The redness and heat seen in an inflamed area are the result of

increased blood flow to the area.

A protein that helps to protect the body against viral infections is

interferon.

Interferon

is a protein that interferes with virus production and infection.

The thoracic duct drains lymph into the

left subclavian vein.

The lymphatic system is involved in

lipid absorption from the digestive tract.

Lacteals are

lymphatic vessels in the lining of the small intestine.

Bacteria and debris are actively removed from the lymph by _____ in the sinuses of lymph nodes.

macrophages

What is the function of thymosin?

maturation on T-cells.

The type of cell responsible for the secondary response is a

memory cell

Which of the following is usually the first cell type to leave the blood and enter infected tissues?

neutrophil.

Adenoids are enlarged

pharyngeal tonsils.

The lymphatic system plays a role in maintaining fluid balance within the body by

returning interstitial fluid to the plasma.

Natural Killer (NK) cells

secrete enzymes that kill tumor or virus-infected cells.

Which of the following characteristics is/are most consistent with adaptive immunity?

specificity, memory and increased response to second and subsequent exposures.

In systemic inflammation, pyrogens

stimulate fever production.

Positive selection of lymphocytes refers to the

survival of pre-B and pre-T cells that are capable of an immune response.

Antibodies are produced by

B cells that differentiate to form plasma cells.

The spleen

filters damaged red blood cells from the blood.

The immunoglobulin that is often the first antibody produced in response to an antigen is

IgM

A woman has her right breast and right axillary lymph nodes removed. Which of the following might occur?

Right lymphatic duct drainage decreases causing edema in the right arm.

____ are part of cell-mediated immunity while ____ are part of antibody-mediated immunity.

T cells, B cells.

Which of the following is true of adaptive immunity?

The second response is faster and stronger than the first response.

If you receive an immunization for hepatitis B and produce antibodies against the hepatitis B virus, you have developed what type of adaptive immunity?

active artificial immunity

Lymph movement is assisted by

all of these choices are correct.

The MHC (major histocompatibility complex) class molecules

allow the immune system to respond to antigens inside cells.

Lysozyme is

an enzyme found in body fluids that destroys certain bacteria.

Cells that process antigen and present antigens to other immune cells are called

antigen-presenting cells.

As a result of opsonization,

antigens are more susceptible to phagocytosis.

Adaptive immunity is stimulated by

antigens.

Complement proteins

can form holes in the plasma membrane of target cells.

The movement of leukocytes to the source of certain chemicals is called

chemotaxis.

Frequently, several different signals or molecules are needed in order to produce an immune response by a B cell or T cell. The second signal in this process is called

constimulation.

Which of the following is a subpopulation of T cells?

cytotoxic

When innate immunity is activated,

each exposure produces the same response.

Lymph exits a lymph node via the

efferent lymphatic vessels.

Which of the following is NOT a secondary lymphatic organ?

thymus gland.

Lymphatic tissue contains an interlaced network of reticular fibers that functions to

trap microorganisms.

What structural feature of lymphatic vessels is responsible to forward movement of lymph?

valves.

Structurally, lymph vessels are most similar to

veins.


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