Ch 22 &23

Who won the election of 1868? How did white southerners fell about this and why?

Ulysses S. Grant, they supported his competitor Seymour.

"Seward's Folly"

When William Seward signed the treaty with Russia to gain Alaska Seward's enthusiasm for those frigid wastes was not shared by his countrymen who rudely mocked him by calling this purchase this. U.S. secretary of state William Seward's decision to buy Alaska in 1867.

Wade-Davis Bill

of 2864 was a bill proposed for the reconstruction of the south written by two radical republicans, Senator Benjamin Wade of Ohio & representative Henry Winter Davis of Maryland. It was designed to permit ex-confederate states to return to the union, if a majority of voters took and oath denying they supported the confederacy.

Fifteenth Amendment

passed by congress in 2869 and ratified in 2870. Suffrage for blacks: black males made voters.

What were Jim Crow laws?

statutes enacted by Southern states and municipalities, beginning in the 1880's, that legalized segregation between blacks and whites. The name is believed to be derived from a character in a popular minstrel song.

Explain how sharecropping and tenant farming hurt freed blacks and poor whites?

They were taken advantage of and lived in bad living conditions.

What idea was upheld by Plessy v. Ferguson?

"Separate but equal" was constitutional.

List election and President who won the election in order.

1868- Ulysses S. Grant 1872- Ulysses S. Grant 1876- Samuel J. Tilden 1880- James A. Garfield 1884- Grover Cleveland 1888- Harrison 1892- Grover Cleveland

Andrew Johnson

17th president of the United States; was elected vice president and succeeded Lincoln when Lincoln was assassinated, was impeached by acquitted by one vote (1808-1875) he was the first president to be impeached, and he was the president whose actions led to the creation of the "radical reconstruction".

Susan B. Anthony

A lecturer for women's rights. She was a Quaker. Many conventions were held for the rights of women in the 1840's. Susan B. Anthony was a strong woman who believed that men and women were equal. She fought even though people objected. Her followers were called Suzy B's.

Why was James Garfield shot?

A mentally ill man named Charles Guiteau desired political office that of ambassador to France , On a day in July after Garfield had turned him down , Guiteau assassinated Garfield at a railroad station depot in Washington DC depot.

Ku Klux Klan

A secret organization in Southern U.S., aimed to suppress the newly acquired powers of blacks and to oppose carpetbaggers from the North and which was responsible for many lawless and violent proceedings.

Define patronage. How was it used during the Gilded age?

A system in which benefits, including jobs, money, or protection are granted in exchange for political support. (Government jobs were disrupted through the corrupt patronage system).

Who were "redeemers"?

A white political coalition in the southern United States during the reconstruction era that followed the Civil War.

Thirteenth Amendment

Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime. It created a constitutional amendment that banned slavery in ALL of the American states.

What secret was unearthed about governor Cleveland during the election of 1884?

Cleveland was a drunken debauchery and sexual deviancy.

Give 3 adjectives that describe Grant's cabinet.

Depression, Deflation, & Inflation

Freedmen's Bureau

Established in 2865 by congress to help former black slaves and poor whites in the south in the aftermath of the U.S. Civil War (1861-65). Freedmen's Bureau, in U.S. history, a federal agency, formed to aid and protect the newly freed blacks in the south after the civil war. Established by an act of March 3, 1865 under the name "bureau of refugees, freedmen, and abandoned lands," it was to function for one year after the close of war.

Fourteenth Amendment

Gave former slaves their rights. This did not grant the right to vote but all republicans that not state should be welcomed back into the union fold without ratifying this amendment.

What does the phrase "waving the bloody shirt" mean?

Grants campaign that revived gory memories of the civil war.

Who won the election of 1888?

Harrison

What was Samuel Tilden known for before he ran for president in 1876?

He was a former New York Tribune editor.

Who did the Pendleton Act Change who got federal jobs?

It established the civil service system to get jobs.

What did the Chinese Exclusion Act do? Why?

It shut the door on all Chinese immigration.

Black Codes

Laws passed by southern states in 1865 &1866, after the civil war. These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans freedom, & of compelling them to war in a labor economy based on low wages or debt. It made African Americans have less political freedom in the south.

Lincoln's 10% pan

Lincoln's blueprint for reconstruction included the 10% plan, which specified that a southern state could be readmitted into the union once 10% of its voters (from the voter rolls for the election of 1860) swore an oath of allegiance to the union. This plan was never taken into action because Lincoln was assassinated before he could carry out the plan, & the VP who moved to be president didn't use the plan.

Scalawags

One of the names that onetime masters gave the freedman's white allies that helped former slaves hold office. Southerners often former unionists and Whigs.

Carpetbaggers

One of the names that onetime masters gave the freedman's white allies that helped former slaves hold office. Were supposedly sleazy northerners who had packed all their worldly goods into a carpetbag suitcase at wars end and had come south to seek personal power and profit.

How does cynics define and "honest" politician during the Gilded Age?

One who, when bought, would stay bought.

Thaddeus Stevens

Regarded the seceded states that conquered provinces, promoted much of the major reconstruction legislation including the 14th amendment. A radical republican in the HOR, a friend or the blacks & defend the run away slaves in court without fee and was buried in a black cemetery.

Describe the religious and Demographic differences between Democratic and Republican supporters during the Gilded Age.

Republicans--> roots from the puritans: Americans (soldiers) Democrats--> Lutherans+Catholics= immigrants

Who won the election of 1880?

Results of the presidential election of 1880, won by James A. Garfield with 214 electoral votes.

Who won the election of 1876? Why?

Samuel Tilden, in popular vote.

Which group of Americans was "sacrificed" by the Compromise of 1877?

The civil rights of African Americans.

Name the corrupt "Boss" who ran New York politics until he was finally convicted?

The infamous Tweed Ring

What was so unusual about the candidates and political parties in the election on 1872?

The liberal republicans were created Horace Greely vs. Grant.

Who were the populists? Name 8 reforms they demanded.

The people's party was short-lived political party, established in 1891. 1. Adoption of the initiative & referendum to allow citizens to shape legislation more directly 2. Government ownership of RR's, telegraph, & telephone 3. Inflation through free & unlimited coinage of silver 4. Graduated income tax 5. Direct election of U.S. senators 6. One term limit 7. Immigration restrictions 8. Shorter workday

Instead of the "new birth of freedom" promised by Lincoln, what did Americans get from their government during the gilded age?

They got a dose of corruption and political stalemate with horrible president Ulysses Grant.